388 A HANDBOOK OF CONIFERS 



spreading, forming a tree of broadly pyramidal habit. Young 

 shoots stout, glaucous, without down, prominently ridged, becom- 

 ing orange-brown with age. Winter buds large, ovoid, long and 

 sharp-pointed, 1-1| in. long, | in. thick, with resinous, fringed, 

 closely pressed scales. Leaves in threes, lasting 2-3 years, very 

 stout, stiff, curved, 6-12 in. long ; margins toothed, apex a short, 

 horny point ; stomatic lines on all surfaces ; resin canals median 

 or sometimes marginal ; basal sheath 1| in. long, persistent. 

 Cones very large and massive, often weighing 3-4 lb., ovate or 

 oblong-ovate, 10-14 in. long by about 6 in. wide ; scales thick, 

 woody, 2| in. long, 1| in. broad, ending in a strong, curved hook 

 or claw. Seed large, oval, -i in. long, wing 1 in. long, thin above, 

 thicker below, forming a rim-like margin to the seed. 



P. Coulteri is distinguished from all other pines except P. 

 Sahiniana by its remarkably large and heavy cones and peculiar 

 seed-wings. The cones of P. Sahiniana are, however, relatively 

 smaller, and the seeds have a shorter wing. 



Barren trees resemble P. j)onderosa, var. Jejfreyi, in their 

 f ohage, but may generally be recognized by their large, stout, and 

 resinous buds and usually larger and stiffer leaves. 



P. Coulteri grows naturally on the dry mountain slopes of 

 California, from Mount Diabolo and the Santa Lucia Mountains 

 south to the Cuyamaca Range, occurring singly or in small groups 

 at elevations of 3,000-6,000 ft. It was discovered in the Santa 

 Lucia Mountains by Coulter in 1832, and introduced to Britain 

 by Douglas in the same year. 



Wood soft, weak, and brittle, with very large resin ducts. It 

 has little value in its native country except as fuel, and timber 

 of trees grown in the British Isles is of very poor quahty and 

 subject to early decay. The seeds are edible. 



P. Coulteri forms an interesting and ornamental garden tree. 

 In weU- drained light loam it grows moderately fast, and there are 

 numerous well-developed specimens in the midland and southern 

 counties of England. 



Elwes and Henry, op. cit. v, 1067 (1910); Jepson, Silv. Calif. 84 (1910). 



Pinus densiflora, Siebold and Zuccarini. 

 Red Pine of Japan. 



Pinus japonica, Forbes (not Hort.) ; P. Massoniana, Hort. (not D. 

 Don, nor Siebold and Zuccarini) ; P. Pinea, Gordon (not Linnaeus) ; P. 

 rubra, Sieber (not Lambert Michaux, MUler, nor IVIiquel) ; P. scopifera. 

 Miquel. Aka Matsu. 



A tree 70-120 ft. high, with a trunk 6-12 ft. in girth, fre- 

 quently twisted or crooked. Bark reddish, like that of the Scots 

 pine, particularly about the higher parts of the tree, peeling 

 off in thin scales. Young shoots without down, green with a 

 glaucous bloom. Wiiiter buds slender, cylindrical, sharp-pointed, 

 \ in. long, scales free at the tips. Leaves in pairs, persisting 3 



