PINACEiE 397 



and was introduced into cultivation by Lord Auckland in 1839. 



Wood hard, tough, and very resinous, with scattered and 

 prominent resin-ducts. Heartwood yellowish brown, sapwood 

 lighter. As a timber tree, however, it is of little importance, 

 the few trees felled being put to local use. The seeds are the chief 

 economic product of the species, for they constitute a staple 

 article of food in the W. Himalaya and are imported into India 

 from Afghanistan. They are rich in oil and have a slight tur- 

 pentiny flavour. The native population use them either raw or 

 cooked, but Europeans prefer them roasted. The value of the 

 seeds prevents any exploitation of the timber. 



P. Gerardiana does not adapt itself well to the conditions 

 obtaining in the British Isles, and it is one of the rarest pines in 

 cultivation. A good specimen existing in the Botanic Gardens, 

 Cambridge, however, suggests that further trials should be made. 

 In a wild state the tree withstands considerable drought and 

 cold. 



Troup, R. S., The Silviculture of Indian Trees, 1090 (1921) ; Gamble, A 

 Manual of Indian Timbers, 709 (1921). 



Pinus glabra, Walter. 

 Spruce Pine. 



Cedar Pine ; Lowland Spruce Pine ; Poor Pine ; Walter's Pine ; 

 White Pine. 



A tree 80-120 ft. high and 4-6| ft. in girth. Bark close and 

 compact, reddish brown and moderately thick on the lower 

 part of the trunk, thin, smooth, and grey above. Young shoots 

 with intermediary buds between the nodes. Winter buds ovoid, 

 sharp-pointed, brown. Leaves in pairs, lasting 2-3 years, soft, 

 slender, twisted, l|-3 in. long, margins finely toothed, short- 

 pointed, stomata on each surface ; resin canals median ; basal 

 sheath short. Cones usually solitary, ovate, reflexed, tawny 

 yellow, symmetrical, l|-2 in. long, on short stalks. Scales 

 rather soft and flexible, the exposed part terminated by a weak 

 prickle which is often deciduous. Seeds rough, triangular, ^ in. 

 long and ^ in. wide, wing | in. long. 



P. glabra is distinguished from P. mitis by its leaves being 

 invariably in pairs, by its close and smooth bark, and by its 

 softer cone-scales. 



Native of the Atlantic forests in S.E. United States, being 

 found in S. Carolina, Cent, and N.W. Florida and Louisiana, 

 usually as single trees and small groups. 



Wood very like that of P. Tceda, but weaker. It can be used 

 for similar purposes. 



P. glabra can only be grown in sub-tropical countries where 

 the atmosphere is moist. Conditions suitable for magnoKas, 

 hickories, and nyssas are said to suit it admirably. Young trees 



