402 A HANDBOOK OF CONIFER.^] 



numerous teeth which continue to the apex of the leaf. The 

 cones are longer and the scales less formal in outline. 



The species is widely distributed in Eastern Asia, occurring 

 in Amurland, Manchuria, Corea, and Japan. In the forests of 

 Cent. Japan it occurs mixed with deciduous trees. Introduced 

 by John Gould Veitch in 1861. 



Wood light, about 25 lb. per cubic ft. when dry, with promi- 

 nent resin ducts. The heartwood is yellowish-brown, the sapwood 

 white or pale yellow. It is straight-grained, easily worked, com- 

 pact and soft, finishes with a good surface, and takes paints 

 and polish well. Compared with other pine timber it closely 

 resembles that of P. Strobus and is of value for all the purposes 

 for which that wood is used. It is obtainable in large sizes and 

 in pre-War days was becoming a very valuable article of export 

 to Chinese and other Asiatic and Australasian ports. The 

 timber was well received in Europe, but the long journey and 

 heavy freight did not allow it to compete with Russian, Scan- 

 dinavian, and Canadian timber. It is shipped from Vladivostok 

 and other N.E. Asiatic ports, and must be regarded as one of 

 the most important soft woods for exploitation during the 

 present century. The seeds are sometimes used for food. 



The Corean pine does not grow so freely in this country as 

 P. Cembra, and it is doubtful whether it has any other value than 

 for decorative purposes. One of the principal timber trees of 

 the more northerly parts of the Far East, it may be more suitable 

 for Scotland than for the S. of England. 



Good trees are to be seen at Bicton. 



Elwes and Henry, loc. cit. v, 1041 (1910) ; Wilson, Conijers of Japan, 15 (1916). 



Pinus Lambertiana, Douglas. (Fig. 90.) 

 Sugar Plne. 



Big Pine ; Gigantic Pine ; Great Sugar Pine ; Shade Pine ; White Pine. 



The largest species of the genus, attaining in America a height 

 of 250 ft. or more, and a girth of 40 ft., with a straight trunk often 

 clear of branches for 100 ft. Bark on old trees 2-3 in. thick with 

 irregular, scaly ridges ; that of young trees smooth and thin. 

 Young shoots minutely downy all over. Winter buds small, oval, 

 ^ in. long, pointed, with closely pressed, chestnut-brown scales. 

 Leaves in fives, falling during the second or third year, rigid, 

 twisted, 3^4 in. long, margin finely toothed, apex sharp-pointed, 

 stomata on each smrface, basal sheath f in. long, deciduous. 

 Cones sub-terminal, erect at first, pendulous when fully grown, 

 12-18 in. long, 3-4 in. in diameter, borne on stalks 3 in. or more 

 long on the topmost branches ; scales broad, almost fan-shaped, 

 with a thickened, resinous apex, becoming widely spreading in 



