PINACEiE 417 



drained and not very limy. The best results are obtained from 

 light clay containing a fair proportion of gravel. Satisfactory 

 crops of seed are borne almost every year and the tree spreads 

 rapidly over land that has been allowed to go out of cultivation, 

 and elsewhere. It was introduced to the British Isles in 1739, 

 but the climatic conditions do not suit it, and it is rarely seen in 

 gardens. In America it appears to reach its most profitable size 

 in 90-100 years. It is likely to prove one of the most important 

 timber trees of the future in the S.E. United States. 



Mohr, Timber Pines of the Southern United States, 93-111 (1897). 



Pinus montana, Miller. (Fig. 92.) 

 Mountain Pine. 



Pinus echinata, Hort. ; P. Fischeri, Booth ; P. obliqua, Santer ; P. 

 rostrata, Hort. ; P. rotundata, Link ; P. rubrseflora, Loudon ; P. san- 

 guinea, Lapeyrouse ; P. uliginosa, Nevunann. 



A shrub of more or less prostrate habit with numerous 

 crooked, irregularly-spreading branches, or a tree attaining its 

 best development in the Pyrenees and French Alps, where it is 

 often 80 ft. high. Bark greyish-black and scaly. Young shoots 

 short, without down, green at first with prominent ridges, becom- 

 ing darker with age. Winter buds cylindric, ^| in. long, with 

 reddish brown scales encrusted with resin. Leaves in pairs, per- 

 sisting 5 or more years, rigid, curved, dark green, 1^-3 in. long, 

 margins finely toothed, apex a short, blunt, horny point ; sto- 

 matic lines on both surfaces ; resin canals marginal ; basal sheath up 

 to about irin. long. Copies sub -terminal, sohtary, or 2-3 together, 

 ovate or ovate conic, symmetrical or oblique, 1-2 in. long, 

 shortly stalked ; scales with the exposed part tawny yellow or 

 dark brown, with a light-coloured apex surrounded by a darker 

 ring, flat, prominent, or prolonged into a beak. Seeds smaU. 



P. montana includes a great number of varieties or geo- 

 graphical forms which are difficult to classify, as the variations in 

 habit are not always correlated with the character of the cones 

 and appear to be due in many cases to soil, chmate, and other 

 conditions of growth. 



The principal varieties are : — 



Var. Mughus, Willkomm. 



P. Mugho, Poiret ; P. Mugus, Scopoli (not Jacquin). 



This is very similar to var. pumilio, but the upper portion 

 of the cone-scale is flattened and not pyramidal with a central 

 boss. Common in the Eastern Alps and the Balkan States. 



Var. pumilio, Willkomm. 



P. pimiilio, Haenke. 



A shrub 6 ft. or less in height, often prostrate, and usually 

 without a definite leader. Cones symmetrical, usually sub-sessile, 



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