424 A HANDBOOK OF CONIFERS 



Woodlight, 23-24 lb. per cubic ft. when dry, not very resinous, 

 although the resin-ducts are easily seen ; heartwood light brown, 

 buff or reddish, sapwood pale yellow or nearly white. The timber 

 is straight and rather close-grained, easily worked, takes a good 

 finish, and paints and polishes well. It compares in quality with 

 wood of P. Strobus, but is rather harder and stronger. The wood 

 of the two species is practically indistinguishable and is suitable 

 for similar purposes, particularly the indoor finish of houses, 

 doors, window-frames, floors, cupboards, pattern-making, boxes, 

 etc. It is obtainable in large and small dimensions, the best 

 qualities being clean and free from knots. 



P. monticola can be grown upon a considerable variety of soils, 

 giving the best results upon deep and well-drained loam, where 

 the climatic conditions are on the moist side. In a young state 

 it withstands shade, but eventually requires full fight. Native 

 trees are said not to cone freely until they are approximately 

 50 years old ; good seed is then produced at irregular intervals 

 of about two years. The best germination of naturally sown 

 seed occurs on exposed moist mineral soil. It is grown as an 

 ornamental tree in Britain, but less commonly than P. Strobus. 

 Trial plantations under forest conditions have been made by 

 Mr. F. R. S. Balfour at Dawyck. Diseases to which P. Strobus 

 are subject attack this species also. 



Sudworth, Pine Trees of the Rocky Mountain Re-glon ; For. Ser. Bull., 460, U.S. 

 Dept. of Agric. 4 (1917). 



Pinus muricata, D. Don. 

 Bishop's Pine. 



Pinus contorta, Bolander (not Douglas) ; P. Edgariana, Hartweg. 

 Anthony's Pine ; California Swamp Pine ; Dwarf Marine Pine ; Obispo 

 Pine ; Prickle Cone Pine ; Swamp Pine. 



A tree 40-50 or rarely 80-90 or more ft. high, with a trunk 

 6-10 ft. in girth, bearing stout, often crooked, irregularly spreading 

 branches, which form a heavy, compact, flat-topped head with 

 dense foliage. Barh reddish brown, thick on old trees, dividing 

 by deep fissures into scaly ridges. Young shoots with irregular 

 branchlets, green at first, then reddish brown, without down. 

 Winter buds conic or cylindrical, |-1 in. long, very resinous. 

 Leaves in pairs, lasting 3-4 years, yellowish green or dark green, 

 crowded, stiff, curved or with a slight twist, 3-6 in. long, margins 

 finely toothed, apex a short, horny point, stomatic lines on both 

 surfaces ; resin canals median ; basal sheath persistent, ^h in. 

 long. Cones sub-terminal and lateral, persisting unopened for 

 many years, solitary or in small clusters, more than one cluster 

 sometimes appearing in a year, 2-3 in. long, ovoid, oblique, 

 deflexed ; scales on the outer side more highly developed than 

 those on the inner side, very hard, swollen at the apex, and 



