PINACE^ 429 



by 3-4 prominent, white, stomatic lines, which give the foUage 

 a variegated appearance ; resin canals 2, marginal ; basal sheath 

 early deciduous. Cones solitary or in clusters, erect, ovoid, 

 2-2| in. long by 1-1 J^ in. broad.- Scales few, leathery, broadly 

 wedge-shaped, spreading widely when mature, the outer edge 

 rounded, entire and somewhat reflexed. Seed with a narrow 

 rudimentary wing, shed as soon as ripe. 



Var. glauca, Bean. 



Shoots pale shining, with the leaves stiffer and more glaucous 

 than in the type. 



P. parviflora is easily separated from other five-leaved pines 

 by its short, blunt leaves, conspicuously white on the inner 

 surfaces and by its peculiar cones. 



Native of Japan and the Kurile Islands, being a common 

 tree in the mountain forests above 5,000 ft. elevation. It was 

 introduced into English gardens by John Gould Veitch in 1861. 



Wood light with well-marked resin-ducts ; heartwood brownish- 

 yellow, sap wood pale yellow or whitish. The best qualities are 

 soft, straight-grained, and easily worked, taking paint well. Some 

 of the wood, however, is very knotty. It is used for general 

 carpentry in Japan, but apparently is not exported. 



This species succeeds in the British Isles in light, well- drained 

 soil in an open position, but never grows very tall, the tendency 

 being to form a short trunk with a wide head of branches. 

 Cones are produced with great freedom even by young trees. 

 In Japan it is found in both pure and mixed forests, often in 

 rather inaccessible places. The Japanese distinguish several 

 garden forms, including one or two with variegated leaves. They 

 commonly plant it in gardens and also dwarf it for pot culture. 

 It does not possess any commercial possibilities here, although 

 interesting from an arboricultural standpoint. 



Elwes and Henry, he. cit. v, 1033 (1910) ; Wilson, Conifers of Japan, 22 (1916). 



Pinus patula, Schlechtendal and Chamisso. 

 Spreading-leaved Pine. 



Pinus subpatula, Royle. 



A tree of graceful habit 40-60 ft. high, the trunk often forking 

 at a short distance from the ground into two or more stems, with 

 long spreading branches. Bark on the lower part of the trunk 

 broken into irregularly shaped plates, higher up tliin, papery, 

 reddish-brown, lilce that of P. sylvestris. Young shoots many- 

 noded, without down, glaucous-green when young, becoming 



^ A form with larger cones up to 3^ in. in length, and seeds with a longer wing, 

 has been described by C. Mayr as a distinct species, imder the name of P. 

 pentaphylla, but these characters do not appear to be constant. (Wilson, Conijera 

 of Japan.) 



