PINACE^ 437 



the terminal portion stout and cushion-like, with a sharply 

 defined central portion divided into two parts showing the second 

 and third years' growth. Seeds large, numerous, often 100 in a 

 cone, |-| in. long, dark purplish-brown, convex on the inner and 

 flattened on the outer surface, with a thick shell and an edible 

 kernel, wing l-^ in. long. 



The stone pine may always be known by its peculiar umbrella- 

 shaped crown, its reflexed bud-scales, and its large, rounded, 

 symmetrical cones. Leafy shoots without cones are rather like 

 those of P. Pinaster. 



Native of the Mediterranean region from Portugal to Asia 

 Minor. It has also been extensively planted for centuries, and 

 it is not easy to ascertain whether existing woods are natural 

 or artificial in many localities. It is a familiar ornament of the 

 landscape in S. Europe, and is valued on account of its picturesque 

 habit and edible nuts. 



Wood comparable with that of P. Pinaster in quality and 

 strength, but the tree is less valuable, as it lacks the resin- 

 producing qualities of that species. It can be used for similar 

 purposes to the wood of the maritime pine, but it is chiefly 

 employed locally, and has little general commercial value. The 

 seeds are of considerable value as food and constitute an im- 

 portant article of commerce under the names of pine kernels, 

 pignons, and pinocchi. They are much used by vegetarians, 

 both raw and roasted. 



In the British Isles the stone pine is highly valued on account 

 of its distinct and ornamental habit, and is often grown as a lawn 

 tree. It thrives throughout the midland counties and S. of 

 England, Wales, and Ireland, succeeding in light, sandy soil, and 

 in good loam, inland and near the coast. In S. Europe it is 

 frequently planted for decorative purposes as well as in woodlands. 

 When grown for seed-production wide spacing is necessary. 



Elwes and Henry, loc. cit. v. 1119 (1910). 



Pinus ponderosa, Douglas. 

 Western Yellow Pine. 



Piaus apacheca, Lemmon ; P. Beardsleyi, Murray ; P. Benthamiana, 

 Hartweg ; P. brachyptera, Engelmann ; P. Craigana, Murray ; P. 

 Engelmanni, Torrey ; P. latifolia, Sargent ; P. nootkatensis, Manetti ; P. 

 Parryana, Gordon (not Engelmann) ; P. peninsularis, Lemmon ; P. 

 resinosa, Torrey (not Roezl, Loiseleur, Savi, or Solander) ; P. Sin- 

 clairiana, Carriere ; P. Sinclairii, Hooker and Arnott. 



Big Pine ; Bull Pine ; Heav-y Pine ; Heav'y- wooded Pine ; Long- 

 leaf Pine ; Pitch Pine ; Red Pine ; Yellow Pine. 



A tall tree 60-230 ft. high in its native localities, with a straight, 

 clean trunk up to 25 ft. in girth. Branches stout, spreading, often 

 drooping, but ascending at the tips, forming a tree with a long spire- 

 like crown ; or occasionally the trunk is shorter with a broader 



