444 A HANDBOOK OF CONIFERS 



surfaces ; resin canals median ; basal sheath I in. long, persistent. 

 Cones lateral, solitary, in pairs, or in whorls of 5-7, ovoid or 

 conical, l|-3 in. long, bright brown, often remaining on the tree 

 for many years ; scales about 1 in. long, by | in. wide, the exposed 

 part armed with a strong, hooked spine. Seed more or less 

 triangular, ^ in. long, Hght brown ; wing |-1 in. long. Male 

 flowers reddish and very conspicuous. 



Distinguished amongst other two -leaved pines by its cylin- 

 drical buds, stout, sharp-pointed, rigid leaves, shining reddish 

 brown bark, and by its branches bearing lateral buds and cones. 



Native of E.N. America, where it is widely distributed, and 

 quickly spreads over waste and worn-out farm land. Introduced 

 in 1804. 



The wood is soft, weak and brittle, very coarse-grained and 

 knotty, with conspicuous resin ducts. It is used for fuel and 

 charcoal, but is of little value for other purposes. 



P. pungens, in a natural state, has a distinct value in preparing 

 poor ground for more useful trees. In the British Isles it forms 

 a small, scrubby tree, and is only planted in pineta. It may be 

 grown under conditions suitable for Scots pine, 



Pinus radiata, D. Don. (Fig. 98.) 

 Monterey Pine. 



Pinus adunea, Bosc ; P. californiana, Loiseleur ; P. in^ignis, Douglas ; 

 P. montereyensis, Rauch. ; P. Sinclairii, Hooker and Arnott ; P. tuber- 

 ciilata, D. Don (not Gordon). Insidar Pine ; Nearly Smooth Cone Pine ; 

 Remarkable Cone Pine ; Small-coned Monterey Pine ; Spreading Cone 

 Pine. 



A large tree 90-115 ft. high or occasionally taller, and usually 

 9-12 ft., but sometimes 15-20 ft., in girth. Bark of old trees 

 2 in. or more thick, dark brown, divided into deep ridges. Young 

 shoots without down. Winter buds \-% in. long, ovate, short- 

 pointed, with closely pressed, brown, resinous scales. Leaves 

 in threes, densely crowded on the branchlets, lasting 3-4 years, 

 bright green, slender, 4-6 in. long, margins finely and closely 

 toothed, apex sharp -pointed, stomata in several lines on each 

 surface, resin canals median, basal sheath \-\ in. long, persistent. 

 Cones on very short and stout stalks, obliquely ovoid, the outer 

 side larger than the inner, solitary or in clusters of 3-5 or more 

 surrounding the branch, more than one cluster being produced 

 sometimes in a season, reflexed when mature, 3-6 in. long, 2|- 

 3J in. wide ; scales broad, thick, woody, rounded, particularly 

 on the outer side, greyish brown, glossy. The cones usually 

 remain closed on the branches for many years, but in exposed 

 and sunny positions the seeds may be Hberated a year or two 

 after ripening. Seeds oval, about \ in. long, blackish, wing well 

 developed, about 1 in. long, light brown. 



