446 A HANDBOOK OF CONIFERS 



poses for which fast-grown wood can be utilized. It has been 

 planted extensively in New Zealand, Australia, and S. Africa 

 with excellent results. Mr. Tannock, Superintendent of Public 

 Gardens and Reserves, Dunedin, informs us that in New Zealand 

 it frequently attains a height of 120 ft. with a trunk 4-5 ft. in 

 diameter when isolated, whilst in close stands it grows quite as 

 high with a clear trunk of 80 ft. The timber is being cut exten- 

 sively for boxes for dairy produce and other local uses, and is 

 exported from Dunedin to Austraha. The value of the wood in 

 the spring of 1921 was 32s. per 100 board ft. In Australia it has 

 produced stands of 6,000 cubic ft. per acre at 25 years of age. 

 When growing in the open, branches are formed low on the trunk. 

 To secure well-cleaned trunks recommendations have been made 

 that it should be planted 6 ft. by 6 ft. apart. 



Elwes and Henry, loc. cit. v, 1079 (1910) ; Jepson, Silva of California, 100 

 (1910) ; Hough, American Woods, viii, No. 199, p. 59. 



Pinus resinosa, Solander. 

 Red Pine. 



Pinus rubra, Michaux. Canadian Rod Pine ; Hard Pine ; Norway Pine. 

 A tree 70-90 ft. high with a girth of 6-8 ft. in America, or 

 rarely 150 ft. high by 15 ft. in girth. When growing in the open 

 the trunk is short and carries a heavily branched head, but in the 

 forest the stem is often clear of branches for 40-60 ft., and the 

 head is short, open and spreading like the Corsican pine. Bark 

 about 1 in. thick, reddish brown, scaly. Young shoots without 

 down, pale brown or yellowish. Winter buds narrowly conical, 

 about ^ in. long, resinous, with some of the scales free at the tips. 

 Leaves in pairs, lasting 4 years, densely arranged on the 

 branches, slender, flexible, 5-6 in. long, margins finely and 

 regularly toothed, apex sharp-pointed, stomata in Hl-defined 

 lines on each surface, resin canals marginal, basal sheath |— | in. 

 long, persistent. Cones sub-terminal, soHtary or in pairs, 

 conical, narrowing rapidly to the apex, 2-2h in. long, bright 

 brown ; after falling a few scales are usually left on the branch- 

 lets ; scales | in long, ^ in. wide in the widest part, the exposed 

 portion slightly thickened and unarmed. Seeds | in. long, light 

 brown with a mottled, roughened surface. Wing about f in. 

 long, and ^ in. wide. The male flowers are conspicuous by 

 their bright reddish colour. 



The red pine is a native of Eastern N. America from Nova 

 Scotia to Pennsylvania. 



This species closely resembles P. Laricio in the branchlets 

 and foliage, but is readily distinguished by the flexible leaves, 

 marginal resin canals, long basal sheaths, and by the cones falling 

 in an imperfect condition. 



Wood heavier than white pine, averaging 29-32 lb. per cubic 



