448 A HANDBOOK OF CONIFERiE 



shoots with many buds, green at first, becoming dull orange- 

 brown in the second year, prominently ridged. Winter buds 

 cylindrical or conical, sharp-pointed, |-f in. long, scales pressed 

 together, but often free at the tips, usually resinous. Leaves in 

 threes, lasting 2 years, spreading, rigid, shghtly curved and 

 twisted, 3^4| in. long, margins finely toothed, ending in a homy 

 point, stomatic lines numerous on each surface, resin canals 

 median, basal sheath |-| in. long. Cones lateral, usually clustered, 

 subsessile, variable in size, averaging 21 in. long, ovoid, fight 

 brown, symmetrical at the base ; scales thin, flat, | in. long, 

 I in. wide, the terminal portion shining, tawny yellow, elevated 

 with a transverse keel, ending in a recurved prickle. Seeds dark 

 brown, I in. long with a wing f in. long. The cones often persist 

 on the branches for many years, opening at irregular intervals. 



This species is remarkable for the formation of adventitious 

 buds which develop tufts of leaves on the trunk. By this charac- 

 ter P. rigida and P. serotina may usuaUy be identified without 

 difficulty. 



The Northern pitch pine is widely distributed in E.N. America 

 from New Brunswick to Georgia, extending westward to Kentucky 

 and Tennessee. It is abundant on the Atlantic coast, S. of 

 Boston, forming extensive forests in New Jersey, and in the 

 Delaware Peninsula. According to Alton this species was in 

 cultivation at Woburn, Beds., before 1759, and was probably 

 planted there about 1743. 



Wood soft, weak, coarse-grained and resinous with prominent 

 resin ducts. Heartwood bright brown or reddish, sapwood 

 yellowdsh. It lasts moderately well, but is distinctly inferior 

 to the wood of P. palustris which is the pitch pine of European 

 markets. The timber is sawn into planks and boards, and is used 

 for railway sleepers, building construction, charcoal and fuel. In 

 former times the species was one of the cliief sources of turpentine 

 and rosin, but is now superseded by P. falustris. It is the true 

 pitch pine of N. America. 



P. rigida thrives in America on poor soils and is valuable for 

 reforesting waste and worn-out farm land. It does not succeed 

 very well in the British Isles, although quite hardy, but forms a 

 medium-sized tree in fight, well-drained loamy soil. 



Elwes and Henry, loc cit. v, 1087 (1910) ; Sargent, Silva of N. America, xi, 

 115 (1902). 



Pinus Sabiniana, Douglas. (Fig. 98.) 

 Digger Peste. 



Bull Pine ; Grey Pine ; Grey -leaf Pine ; Nut Pine ; Sabine's Pine. 



A tree 40-80 ft. high, the trunk often slanting and forking into 

 two or more main stems at 20-30 ft. from the ground, the branches 



