458 A HANDBOOK OF CONIFERS 



to be as well marked in character as their descriptions would 

 indicate : — 



Var. engadensis. 



P. lapponica, Mayr. 



A small tree up to about 30 ft. high. Leaves short, 1-1 1 in. 

 long, stout and stiff, lasting 5 years. Cones 2 in. long, oblique at 

 the base ; scales with the terminal portion convex on the outer 

 side, apex blunt. Found in the Engadine Alps. 



Var. nevadensis, Christ. 



Leaves short, broad and stiff, white on their flat surfaces. 

 Cones nearly sessile, oblique, the exposed portion of the scales 

 pyramidal. Found in S. Spain. 



Var. reflexa. 



Cones long and slender, conic, with long hooks to the scales. 

 Native of Switzerland and Prussia. 



Var. scotica. 



P. scotica, Willdenow. 



Leaves more glaucous and shorter than in the type, 1| in. 



long. Cones shorter, about 1| in. long, symmetrical ; scales 



with the exposed portion flat near the base, tending to be 



pyramidal in the upper part of the cone. 



Var. virgata, Caspary. 



Main branches irregularly whorled, elongated, giving off a few 

 tuft-hke branchlets, only the outermost whorls of which are 

 furnished with leaves. Found in France and Prussia. 



The above are chiefly geographical varieties and they are 

 practically indeterminable from hand specimens. 



The following are garden varieties : — 



Var. argentea, Steven. 

 Leaves more glaucous than in the type. 



Var. aurea. 



Leaves golden. Usually a bush and not very robust. There 

 are good specimens at Westonbirt. 



Var. fastigiata, Carriere. 



Habit stiff and erect, after the manner of the Lombardy 

 Poplar. Not common. 



Var. globosa. 



A low, dense round bush similar to plants growing in alpine 

 regions above the timber line. 



