PINACE^ 463 



They are often more prevalent on young than old trees, the most 

 critical period being the first 15 years. 



Amongst insect pests some of the most destructive are the 

 pine weevil {Hylohius abietis, Linnaeus), a weevil that breeds in 

 decaying stumps and roots. The mature insects feed on the bark 

 of young trees and cause serious loss. Traps of freshly cut logs 

 of Scots pine should bo placed in the plantations, the weevils 

 being collected from the traps twice daily. The pine bark beetle 

 {Myelophilus pinijierda, Linnceus) causes a good deal of injury to 

 young and old trees by the mature beetles boring their way into 

 the pith of young shoots and by making galleries and depositing 

 eggs beneath the bark, the larvae eventually forming other 

 galleries in the bark and surface wood as they feed. The removal 

 and burning of affected trees and trapping by means of logs laid 

 for the purpose, are the best means of dealing with the pest. 

 The cockchafer {Melolontha vulgaris, Fahr) is destructive to 

 young trees, particularly to nursery stock, by the larvae feeding 

 on the roots. Previous to planting, nursery ground should be 

 well worked and larvae destroyed. Wire worms are the larvae of 

 species of Agriotes, beetles whose larvae feed upon the roots 

 of grasses, young trees and other plants. They are often very 

 prevalent on newly turned grass land. Affected ground should 

 be left fallow for several months and the surface frequently 

 worked in order to expose the larvae to birds. The pine-shoot 

 tortrix moth {Retiyiia huoliana, Schiff) and resin-gall tortrix moth 

 {Retinia resinella, Linnaeus) cause trouble by the larvae tunnelling 

 into and feeding upon the pith of young shoots. Trees are 

 frequently ruined in this way. Affected shoots should be col- 

 lected and burned. The larvae of the pine sav/fly {Lophyrus jnni, 

 Linnaeus) injure young shoots and leaves. The larvae must 

 be collected and destroyed. Pine aphis {Chermes pini), easily 

 detected by a white, wool-like exudation, can be destroyed by 

 spraying with paraffin emulsion. 



Fungus Diseases. — Two common diseases are " tree-root rot 

 fungus " or " collar-rot fungus " {Armillaria mellea, Vahl.) and 

 Trametes radiciperda, Hartig, both of which attack the roots 

 and bases of young trees. Trees planted too deeply are peculiarly 

 susceptible to attack. Affected trees should be burnt and in the 

 case of Armillaria mellea, a trench l|-2 ft. deep should be dug 

 around the affected area to prevent its spreading to other trees. 



Pinus Taeda, Linnaeus. 

 Loblolly Pine, 



Pinus lutea, Walter ; P. heterophylla, Small (not Sudworth). Bastard 

 Pine ; Black Pine ; Black Slash Pine ; Bull Pine ; Cornstalk Pine ; 

 Foxtail Pine ; Frankincense Pine ; Indian Pine ; Longschap Pine ; 

 Longshucks Pino ; Longstraw Pine ; Meadow Pine ; North Carolina Pine ; 



