470 A HANDBOOK OF CONIFER^E 



leaves, longer and more cylindrical buds and narrower tawny- 

 yeUow cones with spine-tipped scales. 



Distributed from S.W. Oregon and the Siskiyou Mountains, 

 southwards along the western slope of the Cascades to the Sierra 

 Nevada, the Coast Range of California, and the San Bernardino 

 Mountains. It is most common in Oregon at an altitude of 

 2,500-3,000 ft., and is usually found in small groves. Discovered 

 by Hartweg in 1847 and introduced about the same time. 



Wood soft, weak and coarse-grained with conspicuous resin 

 ducts. Heartwood light brown, sapwood pale yellow or almost 

 white. Although often knotty it is occasionally employed for 

 inferior kinds of carpentry and joiners' work. It is also used for 

 fuel, but has little commercial value. 



P. tuberculata is hardy in the British Isles and grows freely in 

 light loamy soil, although never likely to form a large tree. 

 Apart from its arboricultural interest it has no value. In 

 America seeds are shed freely after forest fires and a dense growth 

 of seedlings appears among the ashes. In order to make good 

 progress the seedlings must be able to dominate other species at 

 an early age. 



The best tree in the British Isles is said to be growing at Bury 

 Hill, Dorking. It divides into several trunks near the ground. 



Jepson, Silva of Cah'foriiia, 102 (1910). 



Pinus virginiana, Miller. 

 Scrub Pine. 



Pinus inops, Solander ; P. nxthenica, Hort. ; P. variabilis, Lambert (not 

 Pursh). Bastard Pine ; Cedar Pine; Jack Pine; Jersey Pine; New Jersey 

 Pine ; Nigger Pine ; Oldfield Pine ; Poor Pine ; Poverty Pine ; River 

 Pine ; Second-growth Pine ; Short Pine ; Short-leaved Pine ; Shortschat 

 Pine ; Shortshucks ; Spruce Pine ; Yellow Pine. 



A tree usually 30-50 ft. high with a short trunk 12-18 in. in 

 diameter, but occasionally 100-120 ft. high with a diameter of 

 2-3 ft., or sometimes shrubby in habit. Bark thin, ^| in. 

 thick, scaly. Young shoots slender, purplish with a waxy 

 bloom, which usually disappears with age. Winter buds ^— | in. 

 long, ovate with a short point, resinous, with closely pressed 

 scales. Leaves in pairs, lasting 3-4 years, rigid, twdsted, lj-2| in. 

 long, margins with minute, irregular teeth, apex sharp -pointed, 

 stomata on both surfaces ; resin canals median ; basal sheath ^-J 

 in. long, persistent. Cones solitary or in pairs midway along the 

 season's growth, oblong or conical, 1-2^ in. long, 1-1 1 in. wide 

 when expanded, on stalks ^ in. long, which are hidden in the 

 mature cones by the basal scales ; scales small, the exposed part 

 greyish browTi, terminated by a sharp prickle. Seed small, ^^ in. 

 long, brown, mottled, with a wing about j in. long. 



