PINACE^ 471 



P. virginiana is distinguished from all other two-leaved pines 

 by its purplish young wood with a glaucous covering. 



Native of E.N. America from Staten Island in New York to 

 N. Alabama, and from the Atlantic coast to S. Alabama. In the 

 northerly parts of its range it is found at sea-level and towards its 

 southerly limit at a high altitude. It was introduced in 1739. 



Wood light, soft, brittle, with a large percentage of orange 

 or brownish hcartwood, and narrow, yellowish sapwood. It is 

 often knotty and only suitable for inferior work. The best 

 quality is used for log huts, railway sleepers and fencing, but it is 

 not regarded as a first-class sleeper wood for railways with heavy 

 traffic, as the securing spikes are soon loosened. The wood is also 

 used for common boxes, pit wood and paper pulp. It is, however, 

 said to be more suitable for the chemical than the groundwood 

 process of manufacture for the latter purpose. 



The chief value of the species in American silviculture lies 

 in the fact that it gives good results on heavy, clayey land where 

 little else will grow, both on virgin soil and impoverished farm 

 land, reproducing itself readily from natural seed distribution. 

 It is not well adapted for light sandy soil. Suggestions have been 

 made that it might be most profitably grown on a 30-40 years' 

 rotation for pulp wood. It has no commercial value in the British 

 Isles and possesses no special decorative merit. Good specimens 

 exist in a few gardens, notably at Bayfordbury, Herts, and at 

 Tortworth, Gloucestershire. 



Sargent, Silva of N. America, xi, p. 123 (1897) ; Sterrett, Scrub Pine [Pinus 

 virginiana). For. Ser. Bull., No. 94, U.S. Dept. of Agric. (1911). 



PSEUDOLARIX, Gordon. 



Pseudolarix Fortune!, Mayr. (Fig. 102.) 

 Golden Lakch. 



Pseudolarix Kfempferi, Gordon ; Abies Kaempferi, Lindley ; Larix 

 Kfempferi, Carriere ; Laricopsis Kaempferi, Kent ; Pinus Kaempferi, 

 Parlatore. Golden Pine. 



This, the only species of the genus, is a deciduous tree 100-130 

 ft. high and 5-8 ft. in girth in China. Bark hght brown when 

 young, reddish brown and fissured on old trees. Branches 

 irregularly arranged, horizontal, flattened as in Cedrus. Branch- 

 lets of two kinds ; long shoots and short, stunted, spur-like 

 shoots. Long shoots without down, glaucous, brown vnth a 

 reddish tinge the second year, roughened by the permanent bases 

 of fallen leaves ; short shoots, club-shaped, longer than in Larix 

 with distinct constrictions between the annual rings which are 

 surrounded by long-pointed, persistent scales. Terminal huds 

 of long shoots ovoid, pointed, surrounded by long-pointed browTi 

 scales with free tips, which fall away soon after the leaves develop 



