PINACE^ 489 



the heartwood becoming brownish yellow, the sapwood yellow. 

 In general appearance it resembles clean pine, known com- 

 mercially as " mild pine," being slow-grown, straight-grained, 

 easily worked, and strong. Resin ducts are easily seen with a 

 lens, the medullary rays are regular and fine. The timber is a 

 regular article of commerce in the province of Mino, Japan, and 

 is floated in rafts down the Kisogawa to Osaka, where it is usually 

 consumed.^ It is durable, stands water well, and is used for 

 boats, bath-tubs, etc. 



The fibrous bark is made into oakum, and used for caulking 

 boats, packing joints of steam pipes, etc, A sample of oakum 

 is exhibited in Museum iii, at Kew. 



The umbrella pine, on account of its unique and interesting 

 character, is a valuable tree for collections, but has no value for 

 silviculture in Britain. It is of extremely slow growth, and even 

 in Japan seedlings raised in nurseries are not ready to plant out 

 under 5 or 6 years of age. There is a great tendency for the tree 

 to form several leaders, both in its native country and under 

 cultivation. It does best in sweet, open, and good soil containing 

 little or no lime. Moist medium loam, to which a little peat or 

 leaf mould has been added, suits it well. It is easily raised from 

 seeds which are regularly matured in this country. 



Botanical Magazine, t. 8050(1805). 



Masters, Journ. Linn. Soc. (Bot.) xxvii, 276 & 320 (1890) and xxx, 21 (1893). 



SEQUOIA, Endlicher. 

 Mammoth Trees. 



Evergreen trees attaining gigantic proportions in California, 

 pyramidal in habit when young, with horizontal or slightly 

 drooping branches ; the branches of old trees spreading, with a 

 downward tendency. Old trees strongly buttressed. Bark of 

 two kinds, the outer thick, spongy, and fibrous, the inner thin, 

 close, and firm. Young shoots green, afterwards brown, without 

 down ; lateral branchlets slender and deciduous. Winter buds 

 small, in one species hidden by the loose, scale-like, terminal 

 leaves. Leaves of three kinds : (A) linear or lance-shaped ; (B) 

 awl-like ; (C) short and oblong ; spirally arranged, but in (A) 

 pectinate by reason of a basal twist. 3Iale and female floivers 

 on the same tree, the buds formed near the points of the shoots 

 in autumn, opening in spring. Male flowers in small, dense 

 catkins. Cones pendulous, with woody scales, persistent after 

 shedding the seed ; bracts adhering to the scales. Seeds small, 

 surrounded by a narrow membranous wing, 5-7 beneath each 

 scale. 



Wood dull and odourless with numerous resin-ducts, the 

 sapwood white, the heartwood red. The timber is Ught, not 



igarg. For. Fl. of Japan, 11 (1894), 



