PINACE^ 493 



mental tree and for avenues, and there are numerous fine speci- 

 mens in the moister parts of the country from Cornwall to the 

 Highlands of Scotland, which exceed 100 ft. in height. One of 

 the finest avenues is at Strathfieldsaye, the seat of the Duke of 

 Wellington. A few trees, planted many years ago in a wood, on 

 the Long Ashton estate of Lady Smythe, near Bristol, look very 

 promising, the trunks being clean and of good development. 

 The best results are obtained in this country by planting the tree 

 in good moist soil, in sheltered valleys, where there is a fairly 

 heavy rainfall. Seeds are frequently ripened. 



For a full account of the Big Trees of California, see Jepson, Silva of California, 

 139-141, and Sudworth, Bulletin 28, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture (1900). 

 Bot. Mag. tt. 4777, 4778 (1854) (as Welli^igtonia gigantea). 



Sequoia sempervirens, Endlicher. 

 Californian Redwood. (Fig. 108.) 



Schubertia sempervirens, Spach ; Taxodium sempervirens, Lambert. 



A tree 130-340 ft.^ high and 8-25 ft. in diameter, often clear 

 of branches for \-\ of its height. Young trees pyramidal, old 

 trees with a narrow head. Base of trunk strongly but irregularly 

 buttressed, the taper above the buttresses gradual. Bark 

 fibrous, spongy, 3-12 in. thick, reddish brown, deeply furrowed, 

 inner bark thin. Branches drooping, lateral branchlets decidu- 

 ous. Young shoots wdthout down, greenish at first, brown later. 

 Winter buds small, solitary, surrounded by loose scales which 

 turn brown and remain at the base of the young shoot for at 

 least a year. Leaves of two kinds, spirally arranged : (A) on 

 lateral branchlets appearing pectinate by reason of a basal twist, 

 linear or lance-shaped, l-t in. long, about tV in. wide, shortly 

 pointed, upper surface dark green, slightly furrowed, under-side 

 with a whitish band of stomata on each side of the midrib ; (B) 

 on leading and cone-bearing shoots arranged in several ranks, 

 short, spreading, up to I in. long, oblong, with an incurved horny 

 point ; upper surface green with irregular lines of stomata ; lower 

 surface as in (A). Male flowers small, arising at the points of 

 the shoots. Female flowers with 14-20 ovate bracts tipped mth 

 short points. Cones oval or eUiptical, reddish brown, |-1| in. 

 long, |-| in. wide ; scales with a woody apex about I in. across, 

 narrowing into a slender stalk. Seeds fight brown, j\; in. long, 

 wings much narrower than in S. gigantea, ripening at the end of 

 the first season. 



Var. albo-spica. 



Tips of shoots creamy white. (B) type of leaf prevails. 

 Common in cultivation. 



^ A redwood accurately measured by Prof. Sargent as 340 ft. high is said to be 

 the tallest tree in the world. 



