512 A HANDBOOK OF CONIFERS 



Var. Vervaeneana. 



Branchlets and leaves yellowish when young, brown the first 

 winter, green the second year. More dwarf in habit than var. 

 lutea. 



Var. Victoria. 



T. cccidentalis, var. albo-spicata. 



A free-growing tree, the tips of the shoots variegated with 

 white, especially prominent in winter. 



Var. Wagneriana. 



A freely branched shrub of loose habit, but oval outline. 



Var. Wareana, Hort. 



T. occidentalis caucasica, Hort. ; T. occidentalis robusta, Carriere ; 

 T. Wareana, Hort. ; T. sibirica, Hort. 



A tree of compact pyramidal habit, the branches sometimes 

 vertical and the spray neat and close. 



Var. Wareana lutescens, Hesse. 



As in the last-named, but the sprays and leaves are golden 

 during the first year. 



T. occidentalis differs from T. plicata in its smaller leaves, 

 which are pale green and not streaked with white on the lower 

 surface, and have conspicuous resin glands. The cones have only 

 4 fertile scales, not 6 as in T. plicata. 



The tree is widely distributed in E.N. America, from Nova 

 Scotia and New Brunswick, north-westward to the mouth of the 

 Saskatchewan and S. through the northern states to S. New 

 Hampshire, Cent. Massachusetts and New York, N. Pennsylvania, 

 Cent. Michigan, N. Illinois and Cent. Minnesota, and along the 

 high Alleghany Mountains to S. Virginia and N.E. Tennessee, 

 being very common in the north but less abundant and of smaller 

 size southwards. ^ It occupies extensive tracts of swampy ground, 

 where it often forms dense forests, particularly in the northerly 

 part of its range. 



Wood white or yellowish brown, heartwood rather darker 

 than the sapwood and sometimes reddish, soft, brittle, coarse- 

 grained, durable even in contact with the soil. Used extensively 

 for fence, telegraph and telephone poles, railway sleepers, shingles, 

 building purposes and for boats and canoes. Hough {American 

 Woods, i, p. 74) says that it is the best American timber on 

 account of its lightness as well as for other good qualities for the 

 siding of skiffs, canoes, etc., which must be light in order to be 

 easily carried over portages. He mentions one 10| lb. in weight 

 which was large enough to carry one man and baggage over quiet 



^Sargent, Manual of the Trees of N. America, Q1 (1922). 



