524 A HANDBOOK OF CONIFERS 



and soil conditions are on the moist side and are best planted in 

 loamy soil. Propagation of the species is effected by sowing seeds 

 in prepared beds out of doors or in pots or boxes in frames. 

 Varieties can be increased by cuttings inserted in sandy soil in a 

 close frame in July or by grafting in spring upon stocks of then- 

 respective types. The Tsugas form handsome decorative trees 

 or bushes and T. Alhertiana is sometimes grown under forest 

 conditions in Britain. The Japanese and Chinese species may 

 be utihzed as substitutes for yew in decorative planting with a 

 less sombre effect. 



Key to Tsuga. 



Leaf margins entire or obscurely toothed near apex, bearing 



stomata on both surfaces. 

 Leaves rounded or keeled on upper surface, greyish. — T. 



PaUoniana. 

 Leaves flattened and grooved on upper surface. — T. Jeffreyi. 



Leaf margins entire, bearing stomata on one surface only. 

 Young shoots glabrous, leaves notched at apex. — T. Sieboldi. 

 Young shoots hairy, leaves notched at apex, ^| in. long. — 



T. diversifolia. 

 Young shoots hairy, leaves with a rounded entire or slightly 



notched apex, up to f in. long.— T. caroliniana. 

 Young shoots hairy, leaves up to 1 in. long, apex notched, 



stomata inconspicuous. — T. chinensis. 



Leaf margins distinctly toothed (at least when young), bearing 

 stomata on one surface only. 



Leaves ^| in. long, tapering from base to apex, stomata well 

 defined. — T. canadensis. 



Leaves |-f in. long, uniform in width, stomata bands ill- 

 defined. — T. Alhertiana. 



Leaves 1-1| in., tapering from base to apex, stomata well 

 defined. — T. Brunoniana. 



Leaves ^1 in., tapering from base to entire apex, stomata 

 well defined. — T. yunnanensis. 



Tsuga Alhertiana, Seneclauze. (Fig. 114.) 

 Western Hemlock. 



Tsuga heterophylla, Sargent ; T. Mertensiana, Carriere ; Abies Alher- 

 tiana, A. Murray ; A. Bridgesii, Kellogg ; A. Mertensiana, Lindley and 

 Gordon ; A. Pattoniana, McNab (not Parlatore) ; Pinus canadensis, 

 Bongard ; P. Mertensiana, Bongard. Alaska Pine ; Hemlock ; Hemlock 

 Spruce ; Prince Albert Spruce ; Western Hemlock Spruce ; Western 

 Spruce. 



A tall, stately tree of narrowly pyramidal habit with a slender, 

 spire-like crown, attaining in N. America a height of 200-250 ft. 

 with a trunk up to 20 or more ft. in girth. Bark of old trees 



