528 A HANDBOOK OF CONIFERS 



to enable a correct estimate to be made of its worth for 

 forestry ; the presumption is, however, that it will prove inferior 

 to better known trees for that purpose. T. Albertiana succeeds 

 in a great variety of soils, from sandy loam to that approaching 

 stiff clay. It also succeeds in peaty soil. The best results are 

 obtained in deep loam of moderate density that never becomes 

 very dry, in places where the atmospheric conditions are on the 

 moist side and free from impurities. For these reasons, excep- 

 tionally fine and rapidly grown specimens are found in the 

 valleys and glens of Wales, N. England and Scotland, whereas 

 growth in the neighbourhood of manufacturing towns is less 

 satisfactory. The mistake is sometimes made of planting this 

 tree in the small gardens of suburban residences, where it is quite 

 out of place. To be seen at its best it must have ample space 

 for development. Seeds form the best means of propagation, 

 although cuttings can be rooted. Bark beetles sometimes injure 

 this tree in America, but in this country it is singularly free from 

 insect pests. 



Sargent, Silva N. America, XII. 



Tsuga Brunoniana, Carriere. (Fig. 115.) 

 Himalayan Hemlock. 



Abies Brunoniana, Linclley ; A. dumosa, Loudon ; Pinus Brunoniana, 

 Wallich ; P. decidua, Wallich ; P. dumosa, D. Don. Fragrant Fir ; 

 Himalayan Hemlock Spruce ; Himalayan Hemlock Fir ; Indian Hemlock 

 Fir. 



A tall pyramidal tree with gracefully drooping branches, 

 attaining in the Himalaya a height of 120 ft., with a trunk girth 

 of 28 ft. Bark thick and rough. Young shoots Hght brown, 

 hairy. Winter buds rounded, flattened at the apex, with downy 

 scales. Leaves 1-1 J in. long, narrow linear, tapering gradually 

 from the base to the apex which is acute and recurved, margins 

 toothed, upper surface dark green and grooved, lower surface 

 silvery white with two broad bands of stomata. Cones ovoid, 

 sessile, |-1 in. long, made up of rounded, striate, shining scales. 

 Seed with the oblong wing two-thirds the length of the scale. 



T. Brunoniana is distinguished amongst other species by its 

 drooping habit and long, slender leaves. 



In the Himalaya it forms a beautiful and stately tree extending 

 from Kumaon to Bhotan at elevations ranging from 8,000-10,000 

 ft. It was discovered by Captain Webb in N.W. Nepal and was 

 introduced to England in 1838. One of its coniferous associates 

 in the Himalaya is Picea morindoides, while with it grow Rhodo- 

 dendron grande, R. Falconeri and other species. 



The economic properties of this species are not of great 

 importance. The timber is inferior in quality to that of several 

 other Himalayan conifers and it is probably too far removed 



