530 A HANDBOOK OF CONIFERS 



Tsuga canadensis, Carriere. (Fig. 114.) 

 Eastern Hemlock. 



Abies americana, Marshall ; A. canadensis, Michaux ; A. curvifolia, 

 Salisbury ; Picea canadensis, Link ; Pinus americana, Duroi ; P. canaden- 

 sis, Linnseus. Canadian Hemlock ; Hemlock Spruce ; New England 

 Hemlock ; Spruce ; Spruce Pine. 



A tree 60-100 ft. high and 9-12 ft. in girth in its native 

 country, with the trunk often forked near the base, and a rounded 

 head of branches. Bark of old trees brownish, deeply furrowed, 

 scaly. Young shoots slender, greyish brown, very hairy. Winter 

 buds minute, ovoid, with hairy scales. Leaves with a comb-Uke 

 arrangement, the shorter ones on the upper side of the shoot, 

 |— § in. long, tapering slightly from the base to the blunt or rounded 

 apex ; lower surface with two well-defined white bands of stomata. 

 Cones ovoid, |— 1 in. long on slender stalks ; scales few, roundish, 

 striated, with entire margins, the concealed part minutely downy ; 

 bracts small, concealed. Seed small with an oblong wing ; ripen- 

 ing the first autumn. 



Var. argentea. 



T. canadensis, var. albo-spica. 

 Tips of young shoots white. 



Var. macrophylla. 



Leaves larger than in the type. 



Var. milfordensis. 

 Of compact habit with weeping branches. 



Var. parvifolia, T. Smith. 



A shrubby form with stout branches and very short leaves 

 about ^ in. long. 



Var. pendula. 

 A shrub or small tree with a dense mass of pendulous branches. 



Var. Sargentii. 



Branches short, pendent, forming a dense flat- topped mass of 

 foliage. Found on the Fishkill Mountains, New York. 



T. canadensis differs from T. Albertiana in its forked trunk and 

 in the leaf being more conspicuously narrowed towards the apex 

 with paler and more clearly defined stomatic lines. 



The eastern hemlock is a native of Canada, east of the Rocky 

 Mountains, and of the E. United States, extending from Nova 

 Scotia and New Brunswick westwards through Ontario to E. 

 Minnesota, southwards to Delaware, S. Michigan, and Cent. 



