THE COMPOSITION OF THE SUGAR CAXE 

 Composition of Sugar Caxe Ash. 



17 



Silica 



Titanic Acid. . 



Phosphoric Acid 



Sulphuric Acid , 



Chlorine 



Ferric Oxide . . 



Alumina 



Manganese Oxide 



Lime 



Magnesia 



Potash 



Soda 



Carbon 



114 



534 



2"=;0 



e-47 



6 



56-09 i8o9,53-38 2869 78-5 528 56-76 



069 



9-I2! 1-28 746 10 



5-64' 510 4-152-4 



5-45 4-03 8670-3 



7-43' 4-04 3250-7 



213 12-211 i-8i 365 



0-27! . . O'lOJ . . i 



5-62I 3-85[ 6-02! 4-084-7 2-7 6 



4-58 606 442 5-91 2-3 21 5 



I3-44 28-99 1711 32268-5 23-022 



i-66| 3-40: 1-371 2-701-7 1-5 5 



14-710 

 2-4 2 

 03 o 

 05 • 



8 



53"54 



63 10-78 

 60I 0-53 

 20 0-92 



50 3 24 

 o8| 3-22 

 56125-63 

 67 2-56 



9 

 65-78 



10 11 12 13 



1-25 

 218 

 165 

 o-S'; 



8-19 



245 



10-69 



3-26 



43'75i30"32 15-70 4952 



5"45 725 527 



16 53'ii-29 18-47: 



0-2I 3-08 455 



056 1-45 1-13 



1-03 0-25 



12-53 

 6-61 

 7- 66 

 6-45i 



399 

 915 

 098 

 3-60 

 4-70 



5-90 519 345 

 511 576 2-6i 

 31-2538-2317-39 

 1-17 i-30| 0-85 

 0-16 0-54 2-30 



1. I^haina cane, leaves, tops and dead cane. 2. Lahaina cane, stalks. 3. Yellow 

 diedonia cane, leaves, tops and dead cane. 4. Yellow Caledonia cane, stalks. Analyses 

 due to ^Iax%vell^ in Hawaii. 5. Cheribon cane, leaves. 6. Cheribon cane, stalks. 

 Analyses due to Van Lookeren Campagnei ^ in Java. 7 and 8. Stalks of Mauritius canes. 

 Analyses due to Boname.^'^ 9. Leaves of Eg^^ptian canes. 10. Stalks of Egj-ptian 

 canes. Analyses due to Popp.^^ 11. Leaves of D 74 cane. 12. Stalks of D 74 cane. 

 13. Roots of D 74 cane. Analyses due to Hall- in Louisiana. 



Organic Acids of the Cane. — In earlier researches a great number of 

 organic acids have been stated to be present in the cane, man}- of which 

 have not been foimd by later workers. The most detailed investigation 

 is due to Yoder,^" who, in Louisiana, found per 100 c.c. of cane juice 0-05 

 gram aconitic acid, 000077 gram malic acid, and 0-00004 gram oxaUc acid. 

 He did not find tartaric, citric or succinic acids. On the other hand, citric 

 acid was positively identified and isolated in quantity by Shorey^^ from the 

 deposit on the tubes of an evaporator working up juice from canes in Hawaii 

 which had been damaged by a long drought. Acetic acid is a constituent 

 of damaged cane. The original recognition of aconitic as the dominant 

 acid is due to Behr,^^ in 1877. 



Gums. — These bodies, also referred to as pectin and alcoholic precipitate, 

 are of uncertain composition. They occur in the cane up to 02 per cent., 

 and are present in largest proportion in unripe cane. They are insoluble 

 in acidified alcohol, and are absorbed by animal and vegetable carbons. 

 They are derived from the hemicelluloses of the fibre" and consist chiefly of 

 xylan, araban and galactan. Part are precipitated in manufacture and 

 part find their way to the molasses. 



Wax. — This mLxture of bodies, first obser\-ed by Avequin,^^ occurs on 

 the exterior of the cane. It may amount to 005 per cent, of the cane, 

 and in some varieties is almost absent. It has been exhaustive!}' studied 

 by Wijnberg^i, who finds that 70 per cent, of the crude bod}^ consists of 

 glycerides of oleic, HnoHc, palmitic, and stearic acids, together with hydroxy- 

 acids, resin acids, lecithins, phylosterol, aromatic and colouring matters. 

 The remaining 30 per cent, contains about 45 per cent, of myricyl alcohol 

 and 35 per cent, of a non-primary cr^'stalline alcohol. These data refer 

 to the benzene soluble bodies. Cane wax has now become an article of 

 commerce. 



