6io HISTORICAL CONSPECTUS 



1873. Slavery abolished in Porto Rico. 



1875. Reciprocity treaty between Hawaii and the United States. 



1876. The carbonation process first used in the cane sugar industry. 



1880. Slavery abolished in Cuba. The resulting economic disturbance 

 controlled by Ibanez, who extended the colono system. 



1880 (circa). Green bagasse successfully burnt in Hawaii and in the British 

 West Indies. Beginning of the diffusion era. Multiple effect evapora- 

 tion became general. Organized agricultural experiment work conducted 

 by Boname in Guadeloupe. 



1881. Inception of the Sugar Trust in the United States. 



1882. Scheibler used strontia to desaccharify molasses. 



1883. Stef^en perfected the lime substitution process. 



1884. The sugar crisis, as a result of the bounty system. 



1885. Experiment station at Audubon Park, Louisiana, founded. 



1886. The Java " Proef stations " founded. Beginning of research period 

 here and elsewhere. (Boname, Stubbs, Harrison, Went, Kobus, Geerligs, 

 Maxwell, Barber, et al.) 



The London Conference, called by Lord Salisbury, inoperative due 

 to the attitude of the Cobden school of economists. 



1888. Abolition of slavery in Brazil. 



Re-discovery of the fertility of the cane (Soltwedel) ; 1889 (Harrison 

 and Bo veil). 



1889. The fight between Claus Spreckels and the Sugar Trust. 



1892. The first nine-roller unit-driven mill operated. 



1893. The Java " Archief " first published. 



1895. Inception of the Formosan industry after the Chino- Japanese War. 

 Experiment Station of the Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Association 



started. 



1896. End of the cultural system in Java. 



1897. The Dingley tariff in the United States placed countervailing duties 

 on bounty-produced sugar. 



1898. Hawaii annexed to the United States. 



The Spanish-American War. Subsequent great extension of the 

 sugar industry in Cuba and Porto Rico. 



The Brussels Conference. 



The fight between the Sugar Trust and the independent refiners — 

 the Doscher and Arbuckle interests. 



1899. The British Indian Government imposed countervailing duties on 

 bounty-produced sugar. 



1902. End of the bounty system. 



1905. The Sugar Factors Co., of Hawaii, antagonistic to the Trust, organised. 



1906. Kanakas deported from Australia. 



1913. The first electrically operated mill at Amistad, in Cuba. 



1914. The Great War. Enormous development of the cane sugar industry, 

 especiallj^ in Cuba. 



