2,zS Defoiptlon of Uvo Apparatuses fur DiflUiing 



with pafte. In a common dill, this part is not feparated from 

 the body, but makes with it a whole : but here this advan- 

 tage is obtained, that the vcffel, by removing the (lioulder, 

 maybe mucli eafier cleaned than the common flill. 



It will be of confiderablc advantage if the upper aperture 

 of the fhoulder be equal in breadth to two-thirds of the 

 breadth of the veflel ; and the circumference of the head, m, 

 jiiuft be little inferior to that of the veifel. The vapours 

 thereby efcape more cafily ; by which means the didillation 

 is much promoted. The necefility of the gutter which goes 

 round the top is evident, and in mod apparatuses it is em- 

 ployed *. 



It is necefTary that the tube n fliould at the upper end be 

 as wide as pofiible. In moft didilleries it is a conmion fault 

 that this tube is too narrow. By this fault the free efcape 

 of the vapour is impeded, and the dillillation not a little re- 

 tarded ; whereas, when the tube is fufiiciently large, half the 

 time will be fufficient for the operation. 



As the condeufation of the fteam, particularly in large di- 

 flillations, is not completely eBefted bv a fimple tube pro- 

 ceeding through the cooler, part-cularlv in diftilling on a 

 large fcale, where the nx^ceOary degree of heat cannot be 

 always accurately maintained, fpiral tubes have hitherto i)een 

 employed; which, indeed, anfwer the purpofe, but, on ac- 

 count of their expenfe and the difficulty of cleaning them, 

 cannot always be employed with convenience. For this 

 reafon, I conceived the idea of an apparatus by which a con- 

 liderable furface is prefented to the tieam for cooling it, with- 

 out being attended with the above inconveniences. 



This apparatus confids of a copper box, open at both ends, 

 from one foot to a foot and a half in breadth, and from two to 

 three inches in height, lying on its flat fide. It is tinned on 

 the infide, and to both ends of it are applied clofe covers, 



* There is no need tor a head upon any ftill: it only tends to promote 

 a rondenfrtiion of the vapour, and its falling back into the body of the 

 ftill. A fiat cover is all that is necelLiry.'' 1 he vapour then, by its con- 

 tinued elallic foixe, finds its way into the worm, and is condcnfed in its 

 dticent. The fpace between the furface of the liquor and the .cover 

 ihould, howeyei, be fufficient to prevent the contents from boiling up 

 into the worm.-^EciT. 



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