250 Defcription of two Apparatuses for Dijl'tlling 



ftrongeft aftion ; whereas in this ftill the bottom of the veflel 

 is expofcd to the leaft heat, and, confequently, is better fe- 

 cured from burning. It however cannot be denied, that 

 by the heat of the furnace the burning fometimes may take 

 place, efpecially when fufficient caution is not obferved in 

 managing the fire. Might not this fault be remedied by 

 coating the furn.nce with a llight covering of flightly burnt 

 clay or of plafter orgvpfum, which, as they can hold a great 

 deal of water, would guard againlt burning without inter- 

 fupting much the aclioa of the heat on the iluid ? 



Ee^if cation of Spirit of J Vine hy the JVater-Bath. 



The apparatus deftined for this purpofc is almoft the fame 

 in the principal parts as the above, only that during diftilla- 

 tion the fire cannot act immediately on the fluid, but the 

 fluid receives the heat necelTary for its converfion into fteam 

 through the medium of water brought to a ftate of ebullition 

 by the fire. As, in dillilling fpirit of wine made from corn 

 fpirit, thedegreeof heat cannot be fo accurately graduated as 

 to prevent the rifing of aqueous vapour, which again renders 

 the diililled liquor impure, the advantageous employment of 

 the water-bath was long ago thought of, by which the highefi; 

 poffible degree of heat fliort of that of boiling water can be 

 obtained. Demachy propofed for this purpofe a copper kettle 

 filled with water, in which the ftill was fufpended. But it 

 may be readily feen, that a much larger furnace than com- 

 mon would be neceffary for this purpofc, and confequently 

 ^ larger proportion of fuel ; I fliall therefore defcribc an ap- 

 paratus deftined chiefly to promote a faving of fuel, and 

 which, I am perfuaded, is in nothing inferior to that pro- 

 pored by Demachy. 



Fit>\ 2. reprefents the apparatus without the cooling part, 

 which is entirely the fame as that already defcribed for fimple 

 diftillation. A is a w-ooden veffel bound round with iron 

 hoops, to the bottom of which is fallened the before-defcribed 

 furnace e^ w ith the afli-hoky, and the tube which ferves for 

 introducinor the fuel, only that it is not applied to the middle 

 but to the iide of the vefl!ei. The tube gg, deftined to af- 

 ford a paffage to the air, and to convey off the fmoke, does not 



confift. 



