French National: Infiitute. : 207 - 
attached, either by contraéts or teftamentary difpofitions, to 
their perfevering in a ftate of widowhood. Cit. Bouchaud 
communicated alfo to the clafs refearches on the formation 
of the Roman and municipal colonies. The colonies 
founded by the Romans were called Roman, Italian, or 
Military: but they did not all enjoy the fame rights; andyw 
like political inequality was remarked between the municipity 
which Feftus likewife diftributed into feveral claffes. The 
moft favoured of the municipia was Tufculum, the im- 
habitants of which obtained all the rights of Roma 
citizens. Cit. Bouchaud has written, on the fame fubjeét, 
three other memoirs, to explain the different fyftems of 
magiftracy by which the mznicipia and colonies’ were 
governed. 
In a memoir on the flate of the French marine, at the 
beginning of the 14th century, Cit. Legrand defcribed the 
nayal battle of 1304 between the French and the Flemings, 
a very particular account of which he found in a hiftory, in 
verfe, entitled, La Branche aux royaux lignages, written in 
1306 by William Guiart. This fmall work, confifting of 
fifteen or fixteen verfes, one of the oldeft now extant on the 
hiftory of the French navy, gives a very accurate defcription 
of the naval taftics and manceuvres of that period. Cit. 
Legrand has employed it to make known the different kinds 
of veffels of which fquadrons were then compofed, and the 
manner of fitting them out either for attack or defence. 
From this memoir it refults that, until Francis I, the kings 
of France had no regular navy; and that, in their naval 
wars, they were accuftomed to purchafe or hire privateers, 
ready equipped and manned, or merchant fhips, which they 
manned themfelves and furnifhed with warlike machines, 
This memoir is an extract of a Hiftory of the Arts and Sci- 
ces in France, on which Cit. Legrand has been employed 
for feveral years. He is Sante alfo in a. Hiftory of 
the French Language and Literature: and in both. thefg, 
works 
