} 
242 On the Peftilential Difeafes which 
in the infide, and even fo mixed with the mucilaginous fub- . 
ftance that it would be impoffible ever to purify it com- 
pletely; while, on the other hand, the gum which comes, : 
from Senegal is ftill purer than that of Barbary. str 
M. Schoufboe, however, obferves, that the fandarae and 
gum exported from the port of Saffy have a brown or red- 
dith colour; but he afcribes this colour to the quantity of 
the red oxyd of iron mixed with the foil of the province of 
Abda, where this port is fituated, This oxyd communicates 
its colour even to the whiteft wool; and the inhabitants of 
that province may be diftinguifhed by the reddith tint of their 
clothes, which cannot be entirely deftroyed by any procefs, 
In the months of July and Auguft, when heavy dews fall, 
the gum lofes a great deal of its tranfparency, as well as of 
its other good qualities. A hundred weight of this fubftance 
coft at Mogador, in 1793, about 2/. fterling, without in- 
cluding about 4s. cuftom-houfe duty, The gum does not 
appear to be employed by the inhabitants of Morocco for 
any purpofe whatever: the whole of what they collgét is fold 
to the different commercial nations of Europe, 
VII. On the Peffilential Difeafes which, at different times, ap- 
peared in the Athenian, Carthagian and Roman Armies, in 
the Neighbourbood of Syracufe. By the late E.H. Smiru, 
Phyfictan*. 
Section I. 
Syracuse, the moft beautiful of all the cities built by 
the Greeks, was founded by Archias, a Corinthian, of the 
yace of Hercules*. He firft expelled the natives from Orty- 
gia, where he commenced the city, which was afterwards 
extended to the neighbouring continent. This place, fo ce- 
lebrated in ancient hiftory, the birth-place of Archimedes, 
and theatre of many memorable tranfactions, now reduced to 
a miferable town, of inferior confequence even in Sicily, is 
fituated in north latitude 37° 5’, a little above Cape Paflara 
* From the American Metical Repofitory, Vol. II. No. 4. 
& ¢ Cicera in Ver. Act, II. Lib. ivy.§ 117. Thucydides, B. vi. ; 
(the 
