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Aftronomy —Monument.—Subflitute for Coffee. 309 
fluat of argil, an earthy neutral falt never before found in a 
natural ftate. 
ASTRONOMY. 
C. Lalande has lately prefented to the National Inftitute 
an account of his obfervation of the laft oppofition of Mars, 
with the calculations on that fubject; and by comparing it 
‘with that of 1790, he has found that only 58 feconds are to be 
deduéted from the place of the aphelion of Mars, employed 
in the laft edition of his Aftronomy. He announces a large 
work on this planet by C. Lefrancais-Lalande, his nephew. 
C, Lalande has alfo given the calculation of eclipfes of the 
fun or ftars obferved for fome years, to deduce from them the 
- pofition of different cities. He has-found Hamburgh to be 
30 9” from Paris; Cobourg 34’30”; Mulheim 21’ 20’ 
Halle 38‘ 28”; and Konigfberg 1" 12’ 35”. 
MONUMENT TO LINNEWS. 
A monument has lately been erected in the cathedral of 
Upfal, to the memory of the great Linneus. It confifts ¢n~' 
tirely of the porphyry of Elfwedal; is properly a pedeftal 
_ in the form of an altar, the fleps of which are of the brown: 
fione of Oeland; and fupports a medallion containing a buft 
ef Linneus. The following is the infcription : 
Caroto A LINNE, | 
BoTAaNICORUM PRINCIPI, 
Amici ET.DISCIPULI. 
.M,DCC,XCVIIII. 
SUBSTITUTES FOR COFFEE. 
Count‘ von Burgfdorf has lately laid before the Royal Aca- 
demy of Sciences at Berlin, famples of coffee prepared from 
the folid parts of the beet-root, after the faccharine juice has 
been expreffed. 
After the moft careful examination of all the fubftitutes for 
coffee hitherto employed, the Academy of Sciences at Peters- 
_ burgh has made known that the acorn is the beft, as it pof- 
- feffes, when proper means are ufed to communicate to it the 
gily properties, all the requifite qualities of coffee. To com- 
‘municate thefe oily properties, the following procefs is re- 
commended : 
