310 Subftitute for Bark—Galls.—Travels in Africa. 
commended: When the acorns have been toafted brown, add 
frefh butter, in fmall pieces, to them while hot m the ladle, 
and ftir them with care, or cover the ladle, and fhake it in or- 
der that the whole may be well mixed. - By thefe means you 
will obtain the beft and moft harmlefs fubftitute for coffee 
hitherto employed. 
SUBSTITUTR FOR TINCTURE OF BARK. 
Dr. G. F. C. Fuchs, teacher extraordinary of medicine at 
Jena, has prepared from the ripe fruit of the horfe cheftnut, 
Aefculus bippocaflanum Linn. when divefted of the hutks, 
an extraét, which, according to his experiments, may be 
ufed, perhaps, inftead of the expenfive extraétum chine, fince 
the bark of this tree has been long known as a fubftitute for 
cinchona. 
SUBSTITUTE FOR GALLS. 
A German apothecary, named Trémer, has lately difcos 
vered, that the excrefcences or knots on the roots of young 
oaks may be ufed as a fubftitute for galls. Thefe exoh@ecnhed 
are produced, in the fame manner as the galls, by an infect, 
which, after pricking them, depofits its eggsin them. With 
vitriol ae iron, in the fame proportion as galls, they give a 
beautiful black ink, and may be ufed alfo in dyeing. In the 
fpring, thefe excrefcences may be found in great winbers on 
the fmall roots of the oaks, particularly on the fouth fide, of- 
ten about a hand’s-breadth below the earth. Thofe found in 
fummer have, for the moft part, {mall apertures, capable of 
admitting a moderate-fized needle, but they are no longer 
filled with eggs. At this period they are more woody, and 
not fo good; and-therefore they cught to be colleCled in the 
fpring. 
TRAVELS IN AFRICA. 
Mr. Horneman, whom we-fome time ago announced to 
have fet out with the view of exploring the interior of Africa, 
has written a letter'to Sir Jofeph Banks, from Tripoli. He 
had travelled from Cairo, in Egypt, througl the Lybian-. a" 
fert, to Fezzan, the largeft Oafis in the Great Sahara ; 
route hitherto unexplored by any European, whofe me 
have 
