326 EwiraG of a Memoir on the 
The fecond bath given to the cotten is compofed of foda 
and fheep’s dung diffolved in water. To facilitate the folution. 
the foda and dung are pounded in a mortar. The proportions 
of thefe petedients employe ed, are, one occa of dung, fix of 
foda, and forty of water. When the ingredients are well 
mixed, the liquor expreffed from them is {trained, and being 
peed into a tub, fix occas of olive oil are added to it, bask 
the whole is well ftirred till it becomes of a whitifh colour, 
hike milk. The cotton is then belprinkled with this water, 
and when the fkains are thoroughly moiftened, they are 
wrung, preffed, and expofed to dry. The fame bath muft 
be repeated three or four times, becaufe it is this hquor 
which renders the cotton more or lefs fit for receiving the 
dye. Each bath is given with the fame hquor, and ought 
to continue five or fix hours. It is to be obferved that the 
cotton, after each bath, muf{t be dried without being wafhed, 
as it ought not to be rinfed till after the Iaft bath. The cot- 
ton is then as white as if it had been bleached in the fields. 
The bath of fheep’s dung is not ufed in aur manufactories3 
it is a practice peculiar to the Levant. It may be believed 
that the dung is of no utility for fixing the colours ; but it fs 
known that ‘this fubftancé contains a great quantity of vola- 
tile alkali, in a difengaged ftate, which has the property of 
giving a rofy hue to the red. It is therefore probable that it 
is to this ingredient that the red dyes of the Levant are in- 
debted for their fplendour and vivacity. This much, at any 
rate, is certain, that the Morocco leather of the Levant Is — 
prepared with dog’s dung; becaufe it has been found that 
this dung is proper for heightening the colour of the lack, 
The bath of dung is followed by the procefs of galling. 
The galling is performed by immerfing the cotton in a 
bath of warm water, in which five occas of pulverifed galt- 
nuts have been boiled. This operation renders the cotton 7 
more fit for being faturated with the colour, and gives to the — : 
dye more bady and ftrength. After the galling comes alum- 
ing, which is performed twice, with an Steere of two days, 
~ and which confifts in dipping the cotton into a bath of water 
in which five occas of alum have been infufed, mixed with 
five occas of water alcalifed by a ley of foda, The aluming ~ 
mul 
