Grecian Method of dyeing Cotton Yarn Red. 327 
muft be performed with care, as it is this operation which 
tiakes the colouring particles combine beft with the cotton, 
and which fecures them in part from the deftructive action 
of the air. When the fecond aluming is finifhed, the cotton 
is wrung; it is then preffed, and put to foak in running wa- 
ter, after being inclofed in a bag of thin cloth. 
The workmen then procced to the dyeing.—To compofe 
. the colours they put in a kettle five occas of water and thirty- 
five occas of a root which the Grecks call ali-zari, or paint- 
_ ing colour, and which in Europe is known under the name 
of madder, The madder, after being pulverifed, is moiftened 
‘with one occa of ox or fheep’s blood. The blood ftrengthens 
the colour, and the dofe is increafed or leffened according to 
the fhade of colour required, An equal heat is maintained 
below the kettle, but not too violent; and when the liquor 
ferments, and begins to grow warm, the fkains are then gra- 
dually immerfed before the liquor becomes too hot. They 
are then tied with packthread to imall rods, placed croflwife 
above the kettle for that purpofe, and when the liquor boils 
well, and in an uniform manner, the rods from which the 
fkains were fufpended are removed, and the cotton is fuffered 
to fall into the kettle, where it muft remain till two-thirds 
of the water is evaporated. When one-third only of the 
liquor remains, the cotton is taken out and wafhed in pure 
) water. 
The dye is afterwards brought to perfection by means of a 
‘bath alcalifed with foda. This manipulation is the moft dif- 
"ficult and the moft delicate of the whole, becaufe it is that 
' which gives the colour its tone. The cotton is thrown into 
this mew bath, and made to boil over a fteady fire ull the 
colour affumes the required tint. The whole art confifts in 
catching the proper degree: a careful workman, therefore, 
mutt watch with the utmoft attention for the moment when 
it is neceflary to take out the cotton, and he will rather burn 
“his hand than mifs that opportunity. 
It appears that this bath, which the Greeks think of fo 
“Much importance, might be fupplied by a ley of foapz and 
it is probable that faponaceous water would give the colour 
“more brightnefs and purity. 
When 
