Orunlal Vrocejs for cly clng Red. 

 quor then afiumes a dark red appearance, and the madde? 

 in boiling yields more dye. 



After this procefs water is made hot in large kettles, fixed 

 in brick-work ; and as foon as it is warm the prepared red 

 dye is put into it, in the proportion of a pound to every 

 pound of cotton. The dye is then fuffered to boil ftrongly ; 

 and when it is enough, which may be tried on cotton threads, 

 the fire is removed from under the kettle, and the prepared 

 cotton is deposited near it. The dyer places himfelf on the 

 edge of the brick- work that enclofes the kettle ; dips the cot- 

 ton yarn, piece by piece, into the dye; turns it round, back- 

 wards and forwards ; preffes it a little with his hands ; and 

 lays each piece, one after the other, in pails ftanding ready 

 for the purpofe. As foon as all the cotton has received the 

 firft tint, it is hung up to dry : as the red, however, is mil 

 too dull, the yarn which has been already dyed once, and be- 

 come dry, is put once more into the dyeing-kettle, and mull 

 be left there to feethe for three hours over a ftrong fire, by 

 which it acquires that beautiful dark red colour which is fo 

 much efleemed in the Turkey yarn. The yarn is now taken 

 from the dye with fticks ; the fuperfluous dye which adheres 

 to it is fhaken off; the hanks are put in order, and hung up, 

 one after another, to dry. When it is thoroughly dry, it is 

 waflied in the pure ftream and again dried. The only fault 

 of the Aftracan dyers is, that the colour is fometimes brighter 

 and fometimes darker, probably becaufe they do not pay fuf- 

 ficient attention to the proportions, or becaufe the madder is 

 not always of the fame goodnefs. 



In the laft place, the abovementioned foda (kalakar) is dif- 

 folved with boiling water in tubs deftined for that purpofe, 

 and it is ufual here to allow twenty pounds of foda to forty 

 pounds of cotton, or half the weight. Large earthen jars, 

 which are made in Perfia of very ftrong clay, a yard and a 

 half in height, almoft five fpans wide in the belly, and end- 

 ing in a neck a fpan and a hah" in diameter, enclofed by 

 means of cement in brick-work over a 1i re-place, in fuch a 



manner 



