8 On the present State 



as the several articles deprive each other of the nourishment 

 which would have afforded a more abundant crop ofeithe? 

 separately, and as the land impoverished makes bad returns 

 for the labour and seed. In most situations the land racked 

 in this husbandry soon requires time to recruit ; the Indian 

 allows it a lay, but never a fallow. This would be wcU 

 judged, if the management of stock gave to the lay all the 

 Dcncfit which belongs to this method, and if the incfficacy 

 of the plough, which must be preceded by the spade, did 

 not greatly increase the expense of opening old lays. 



The abuse of dung, employed for fuel instead of bemg 

 applied to manure, must have concealed from the husband-. 

 man the benefit of well managed stock : else, in his prac-, 

 tice of pasturin>i' his cattle in the stubble of his harvest, and 

 in fields of which the crop has failed, he could not omit 

 to notice the advantage of a farm well stocked. For want 

 of perceivina; this benefit, the cattle for labour and subsist- 

 ence are mostly pastured on small commons, or other pas- 

 turage, intermixed with arable lands, or fed at hon;c on 

 siraw or cut grass : and the cattle for breeding, and for the 

 dairy, are grazed in numerous herds on the forests and 

 downs. Wherever fed, the dung is ca,refuUy collected for 

 fuel. 



Cultivation sufTering very consldcrablv bv the trespasses 

 of cattle, through the wilful neglect of the herdsmen, it is 

 a matter of surprise that inclosures are so much neglected. 

 For a reason already mentioned cattle cannot be left at 

 night unattended : but, in the present practice, buffaloes 

 only are grazed at night ; cows and oxen are pastured in 

 the dav. For these, inclosures would be valuable, and even, 

 .for buffaloes would not be useless ; and the farmer would 

 be well rewarded by suffering the cattle to fertTJize all his 

 arable lands, instead of restricting the use of iiianure to 

 sugar-cane, mulberry, tobacco, poppy, Sec. 



Few land.> unassisted are sufficiently fertile to raise these 

 productions ; the husbandman has vieldcd to the necessity 

 of manuring for them. On the management of it little oc- 

 curs for particular notice in this place, except to mention, 

 that khully, or oil-cake, is occasionally used as manure for 

 the sugar-cane. A course of experiments would be requi- 

 site to ascertain whether the methods actually employed be 

 better suited to the soil and climate, than others which 

 might be o'r have been suggested from the practice of other 

 countries, or from the varying practice of different parts oi" 

 Bengal. 



For a similar reason the consideration of other produce 



(of 



