92 



P. dregeana, P. squarrosa, P. longiglumis. The chief species 

 of Achneria are A. capensis, A. ecltlonii, A. aurea, A. setifolia. 

 Other Aveneae include Avenastrum Ion gum, A. quinquese- 

 tiim, A. dodii, A. antarticwm, Koeleria cristata, Prionanthium 

 echlonii, AntJio.rantJium dregeanum, A. tango. 



In the sub-tribe Dactylideae of the Festuceae we have 

 what Stapf refers to as the "Brizopyrum group," also contain- 

 ing unusually numerous endemics. The more important 

 ecologically are Brizopyrum capen.se, B. obliterum, B. acuti- 

 florum, B. alternant. B bracli ijstucltyu in , Lasioeldoa ciliaris, 

 L. longifolia. In the Phalarideae, in addition to the species 

 already mentioned the genus Elirharta is represented by 

 E. triandra, E. longiflora, E. dura, E. microlaena, E. bulbosa, 

 E. capensis, E. longifolia, E. erecta, E. melicoides, E. brevi- 

 folia, E. ealyeina, E. subspicata, E. rehmanni. 



The temjDerate species have been enumerated first for the 

 purpose of emphasising the fact, that, ecologically as well as 

 floristically, they are by far the most important in the South- 

 western region. The tropical tribes which are completely 

 dominant over the vast areas of eastern Grass-veld, are poorly 

 represented at the Cape, and the species that do occur are of 

 little ecological importance. 



The Andropogoneae here include only a few species, of 

 which Anthistiria imberbis is sometimes dominant over small 

 areas. The others are Andropogon nardus var. marginatus, 

 A. eucomus and .4. hirtus, but these are more frequent as 

 ruderal species, and hardly enter into typical Macchia. The 

 only representatives of the still larger tribe, the Paniceae, 

 are also ruderal. Among the Stipeae the genus Aristida, 

 which includes so many semi-desert forms, is poorly repre- 

 sented, though A. angustata, A. adscennonis, A. congesta, 



A. barbicollis, A. restita, A. ciliata, A. capensis, and A. 

 namaquensis occur, but nowhere very abundantly. Stipa 

 dregeana, a widely distributed shade loving species, is found 

 in mountain kloofs. In the small tribe of the Zoysieae there 

 are two species, Tragus koelerioides, T . racemosns. The genus 

 Eragrostis (Eragrosteae) is more frequent in the psammosere 

 or early stages of the hydrosere, but E. curvvla, E. cldoro- 

 nnelas, E. chalcantlia, E. caesia, E. oJ>tusa, and E. brizoides 

 occur in the Macchia. 



B. The Hydrosere. 



1. Flushes. These result from the emergence of springs 

 on mountain sides, and may be evanescent. Thev often dis- 



