130 



belonging to the genera Cyperus, Mariscus, Carer, Rhyncho- 

 spora, and Sclcria, which also grow tall and form consocies at 

 this stage. In Zululand, the Papyrus (C. madayascarensis) 

 forms very large consocies. There is usually a large admix- 

 ture of small Cyperaceae species of Kyllinga, Pycreus, Fimbri- 

 stylis, Bulbostylis, Scirpus, Ficinia, Fuirena and Carex. 



The third stage is dominated chiefly by Ylei grasses. 

 The following form definite consocies: Imperata arundinacea, 

 E 'nantlius capensis, E. sorghum, Erayrostis nebulosa, Penni- 

 setum unisetum, Setaria aurea, Leersia hexandra, Panicum 

 crus-pavonis var. rostratus, Arundinella ecklonii, Phalaris 

 arundinacea. The following occur mixed with others, few of 

 them ever assuming dominance: — Saccharwm munroanum, 

 Ischaemum fasciculatum (coast), Rotiboellia compressa var. 

 fasciculate, Paspalum scrobiculatum , P. distich inn, Panicum 

 aequinerve, P. maximum, P. prolifcrum var. paludosum, 

 P. interruptum, Setaria imberbis, S. uiyrirostis, S. yerrardi, 

 S. riyida, Pennisetum uatalense, P. sphacelation, P. thun- 

 beryii, Stcnotaph rum ylabrum, Trichopteryx dreyeaua, 

 Diplachne jusca, Ayrostis lachuantha, A. uatalcusis, A. 

 phalaroides, Erayrostis namaqueusis var. robusta, Lepto- 

 carydion vulpiastrum, Polypoyon monspcliensis. 



Of the flowering plants there are many hundreds. A 

 fairly complete list might be compiled, even with the informa- 

 tion at present available, but it would make somewhat dull 

 reading, so only the representative genera will be mentioned. 

 These are: — Ranunculus, Nasturtium, Hypericum, Geum, 

 AlchemilJa, Tillaea, Drosera, Berardia, Gunnera perpensa 

 (uGoba, dominant sometimes), Dissotis, Lythrum, Epilobium, 

 Jussiaea, Ludiciyia, Sium, Anthospermu m , Galium, Adeno- 

 stemma, Aster, Nidorella, Denekia, Amphidooca, Achyroeline, 

 Helichrysiim, Leontonyx, Matricaria, Senecio, Lobelia, 

 Chironia, Sebaea, Myosotis, Diclis, Li mo sella , Tlysanthes, 

 Veronica, Sopubia, Bopusia, Utricularia, Mentha, Teucrium, 

 Polygonum, Rume.r, Eulophia, Lissochilus, Stenoylottis, II ut- 

 tonaea, Satyrium, Disa, Brownleea, Schizochilus, Dispells, 

 Moraea, Gladiolus, Anthohjza, Anoiganthus, Crinum, Clivia, 

 Kniphofia, Drimia, Urginea, Ornithogalum, Richardia, 

 Xyris, Commelina, J uncus, Eriocaulon. 



The fourth stage consists of Tambookie associes exactly 

 similar to the transitional grassland described above as repre- 

 senting the beginning of a Forest sere and the climax stage 

 is Veld. 



