SPECIES EXTINCT OR EXTIRPATED. 459 



who kindly undertook to learn what he could about the 

 Pigeon shipments, sends an interesting letter, from which the 

 following extracts are taken: "In reply to your letter of 

 September 9, I am sorry I could not get what you wanted. 

 The firm was W. W. Judy & Co. Judy died twenty-five years 

 ago, and the firm was dissolved. One of the partners, Mr. 

 Farrell, died eight years afterwards, and there is at present 

 only one of the partners living, Mr. Dave Unger. The only 

 information that could be gotten from him was the interesting 

 statement that the Wild Pigeons have flown to Australia. 

 While trying to get the desired information, a game dealer, 

 F. H. Miller, stated that eight years ago [1902] he received 

 twelve dozen Wild Pigeons from Rogers, Ark., for which he 

 paid two and one-half dollars a dozen, and sold all to an 

 eastern firm for five dollars a dozen. His last Wild Pigeon, a 

 single individual, among some Ducks, was received four years 

 ago [1906], from Black River, Mo. As he is an old game 

 dealer, who has handled many Pigeons, there is no doubt 

 about the species; but exact dates were not obtainable." 

 This closes the history of the Passenger Pigeon in our markets. 

 For the rest we must look to the millions of shotguns in the 

 United States, the natural enemies of the Pigeons, and the 

 accidents of migration. For every Pigeon that was shot and 

 recorded during the last part of the nineteenth century, 

 probably a hundred (perhaps a thousand) were shot and 

 eaten. Who was there to record them .5^ Ornithologists may 

 be rather numerous in some of our cities, but they are very 

 rare in our western forests. We read in the press that only 

 a few years ago the mountaineers of the south killed hundreds 

 of Pigeons, and made potpies of them. This may or may 

 not be true; but for all practical purposes the close of the 

 nineteenth century saw the end of the Passenger Pigeon. We 

 are now (1911) trying to save it. Rewards aggregating thou- 

 sands of dollars are offered for the undisturbed nest and eggs; 

 but without result. They come twenty years too late. 



A campaign of publicity has been conducted for two years, 

 under the energetic management of Prof. C. F. Hodge of 

 Clark University at Worcester, Mass.; the large rewards 



