I+ HANNO'S VOYAGE. 
“occipital foramen ”-—is set so far back, that the whole weight of the brain and skull is 
thrown forwards, and so overbalances the body. 
Another cause is seen in the structure of the hind limbs. These members are intended 
for progression among the branches of trees, and are so formed that, when the animal uses 
them for terrestrial locomotion, it is forced to tread, not upon their soles, but upon their 
sides, The muscular calves, which brace the foot and limb, are wanting in the Quadru- 
manous animals ; and even when they are standing as uprightly as possible, the knees are 
always partially bent. The monkeys, then, are just quadrupeds, although their paws are 
more pertectly developed than those of the generality of animals. 
We will now proceed to our example of the Quadrumanous animals. 
SIMIAD, OR APES 
The Apes are at once distinguished from the other Quadrumana by the absence of those 
cheek-pouches which are so ‘usefully employed as temporary larders by those monkeys 
which possess them; by the total want of tails, and of those callosities on the Rees 
quarters which are so conspicuously characteristic of the baboons. Besides these ex- 
ternal differences there are several distinctions to be found in the interior anatomy 
both of the bones and the vital organs. 
The first in order, as well as the largest of the Apes, is the enormous ape from Western 
Africa, the Gorilla, the skeleton of which has already been given. This animal is com- 
paratively new to modern zoologists, and very little is at present known of its habits. 
The first modern writer who brought the Gorilla before the notice of the public, seems 
to be Mx. Bowdich, the well-known “African trav eller; for it is evidently of the Gorilla that 
he speaks under the name of Ingheena. The natives of the Gaboon and its vicinity use 
the name Gina, when mentioning the Gorilla. The many tales, too, that are told of the 
habits, the gigantic strength, and the general appearance of the Ingheena, are precisely 
those which are attributed to the Gorilla. 
Of the Ingheena, Mrs. Lee (formerly Mrs. Bowdich) speaks as follows:—“It is in 
equatorial Africa that the most powerful of all the Quadrumana live, far exceeding the 
orang-outan, and even the pongo of Borneo. 
“ My. Bowdich and myself were’the first to revive and confirm a long-forgotten and 
vague report of the existence of such a creature, and many thought that, as we ourselves 
lad not seen it, we had been deceived by the natives. They assured us that these huge 
creatures walk constantly on their hind feet, and never yet were taken alive; that they 
watch the actions of men, and imitate them as nearly as possible. Like the ivory 
hunters, they pick up the fallen tusks of elephants, but not knowing where to deposit 
them, they carry their burdens about until they themselves drop, and even die from 
fatigue ; that they built huts nearly in the shape of those of men, but live on the out- 
side ; and that when one of their children dies, the mother carries it in her arms until 
it falls to pieces ; that one blow of their paw will kill a man, and that nothing can 
exceed their ferocity.” 
Its existence was evidently known to some adventurous voyagers more than two 
thousand years ago, and a record has pee preserved of these trav els. 
Somewhere about the year 350 B.c, the Carthaginians, then a most powerful and 
flourishing nation, organized a naval orien for the purpose of examining the coasts 
and of founding colonies. The command of the fleet, which consisted of sixty large 
vessels containing nearly thirty thousand men and women, together with provisions and 
other necessaries, was entrusted to Hanno, who wrote memoirs of the voyage in a small 
work that is well known by the title of the “ Periplus,” or the Circumnavigation of Hanno. 
In the course of this voyage he founded seven colonies, and after advancing as far as the 
modern Sierra Leone, was forced to return for want of provisions. 
The whole treatise is one of great interest, especially in the present day, when travels 
of discovery in Africa have been - prosecuted with so much energy. The passage, however, 
which bears on the present question is briefly as follows. After narrating the meeting 
