MAMMALS OF MINNESOTA. 25 
all parts of the world except America. Many of the species are very 
widely distributed. E. Geoff. St. Hilaire distinguished the family: under 
the generic name Rhinolophus which is now restricted to include about 
thirty species of this large family. Dentition 4 + #:%. Upper nasal ap- 
pendage lance-shaped, pointed. First toe two-jointed, others three- 
jointed, spurs well developed. 
Genus Phyllorhina, Bonaparte. Dentition 44 3:3. All the toes two- 
jointed, tail long, spurs well developed. Over twenty-five species from 
Africa and eastward. Thegenus Celops, Blyth, has the some formula. 
The nasal appendage is two-lobed with a heart-shaped prominence. Toes 
all two-jointed. Interfemoral membrane angularly excised. Only one 
species found in Bengal. 
The third family is the Phyllostomide. 
This very extensive family of Vampire bats is confined to South America. 
In most genera only two small but broad incisors are found above. The 
canines are very large, particularly below. The tall is often absent. The 
vampire bats, although insectivorus ordinarily, sometimes inflict damage 
by sucking the blood of domestic animals and particularly of horses, kine 
being nearly exempt from their attacks. In the snb-family Vampyri are 
nine genera only two of which, Phyllostoma and Vampyrus, are rich in 
species. The formula for the dentition of the vampires is $1 3:8 The 
tail is frequently absent. 
The second sub-family Glossophage differs from the Vamppyri in lacking 
the horse-shoe appendage of the lip and in having the lower lip cleft. 
The tongue is protrusible. Asin the above the middle finger has three 
phalanges, and the tragus is present. Genus Glossophaga with the inner 
upper incisor more highly developed than the outer. The crowns or the 
molar have a W-shaped figure, The zygoma isentire. Dentition 3 4 3:3. 
Upper and lower incisors forming a connected series. 
The genus Monophyllus, Leach, differs in having the incisors in pairs, the 
lower being small. The interfemoral membrane is small, the short tail 
extending beyond it. 
The genus Ischnoglossa, Sauss, has a single doubtful species with no tail. 
Phyllonycteris, Gundlach, has the formula 3 + 3:3. The zygoma is absent. 
One or two species inhabit the Antilles. Peltorhinus contains a species 
from Jamaica Lonchoglossa, Peters, has the formula 3 + 3:3. Inner upper 
incisor smalier than the outer. Lower ones deciduous, zygoma present. 
One species in Brazil. Glossonycteris, Peters, has the inner upper incisor 
smaller than the outer. Zygoma absent. Formula as in the above. 
Cheronycteris, Lichtenstein, also has the same formula. Lower incisors 
and first upper premolar deciduous. Anterior molars very small; only 
provided with an anterior prominence. Two species inhabit Mexico and 
Surinam. 
The geographical distribution of bats furnishes a number of 
interesting facts. The order is represented in almost all parts 
of the globe and the species are most numerous in the warmer 
1. Fitzinger in 1869-70 gave acompiled account ofthis family which, although entitled 
a “‘critical review of the Rhinolophi” in the Sitzenb. d. Wiener Akademie der Wissen- 
schaft seems to include many synonyms and to omit some modern species. The most 
reliable account seems to be that of W. Peters, June, 1871, in the Monats bericht der 
Kenigl. Akad, zu Berlin, from which our statements are taken. 
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