MAMMALS OF MINNESOTA. De 
Scalops canadensis F. Cuv. Dict. des Sc. Nat. 
DESMAREST. Nouv. Dict. Nat. Hist. 
HARLAN. Fauna Americana. 
GRIFFITH. Anim. King. 
RICHARDS. Fauna Bor. Am. 
Emmons. Zool. N. Y. 
Scalops latimanus BACHMAN. Journ. Acad. Phila. 
REICHENBACH. Naturg. Raubt. 
AUDUBON and BACHMAN. Quad. N. A. 
WAGNER. Schreber’s Siiugeth. 
Scalops pennsylvanica HARLAN. Fauna Amer. 
FISCHER. Synopsis Mam. 
WAGNER. Schreber’s Siugeth. 
? Scalops eneus CASSIN. Proc. Acad. Phila. 
WAGNER. Schreber’s Siiugeth. 
The above synonymy is not vouched for entirely, much of it 
being collected from various works. It serves to show how 
numerous have been the notices of this animal, and yet how 
little has been added to our knowledge of its habits, variations 
and anatomy. 
The following measurements indicate the average size: 
Nose to anus, 4.6; tail, 1.4; total length, 6; nose to incisors, 
0.5; nose to ear, 1.85; nose to occiput, 2.0; length of fore 
foot, 0.9; width, 0.85; length of hind foct, 0.9. Additional 
measurements of the same specimen may be taken from the 
figure of the skeleton. Color deep brown to plumbeous, with 
a yellowish reflection; fur moderately long and fine. Tail 
almost naked. Snout long, flattened, obliquely truncate, bear- 
ing the nostrils on the upper and outer surface, inclined toward 
each other. Fore foot greatly enlarged, both by the lateral 
separation of the fingers, which are fully webbed, and by the 
addition of a wide blade supported by a specially developed 
sickle-shaped bone of the wrist. (See fig. 4 and figs. 6 A and 
B.) The ear is very minute and entirely without an external 
appendage,; the eye is concealed under the skin, and lies but 
little back of the angle of the mouth. 
The mole may be almost said to swim through the earth, its 
feet not being beneath the body, but on either side, and so 
armed with broad spade-like claws, and so highly provided 
with muscles as to glide rapidly through the soft earth. Dur- 
ing the passage through the earth, the back and shoulders 
wedge the earth upward, so that the course of the animal can 
be followed by the observer above. During its passage the 
highly sensitive and vibratile snout is constantly in motion, 
searching for such insects, worms, etc., as may come in its 
