286 BULLETIN NO. VII. 
new horn was extended several inches above the top of the 
core, nearly in a vertical direction, although with a slightly 
posterior inclination. The top of this, for nearly half an inch, 
is already hardened into perfect horn. Below this it is softer, and 
a little way down it has lost its horny texture, but is a pretty 
firm and somewhat flexible mass down to the core and around 
it, at the upper part of which, however, it has rather the ap- 
pearance of a thick massive skin, of a high temperature, show- 
ing great activity in the blood-vessels permeating it. As we 
pass lower down, the skin is thinner, and shows less excite- 
ment or activity. Upon this skin enveloping the core, we find 
the hairs already described.” 
“This was the condition of the new development when the 
old horn was cast off. It shows that the new horn had al 
ready made considerable upward growth from the top of the 
core, which only extended up into the old horn a little distance 
above the snag, or about half its length ; all above this, of the 
old horn, was solid; and was not intersected by the hairs as it 
was below.” 
‘Now it is perfectly manifest that as the horn was extended 
in length above the core, it must have carried with it the old 
horn which it detached from the core and tearing out the hairs 
the roots of which were in the skin, and many of which ex- 
tended into or through the old horn. * * * Ihave never 
observed the animal to assist this process by rubbing its horns 
against convenient objects, but my opportunities have not been 
such as to authorize the statement that they do not sometimes 
do so.” 
‘¢When the old horn was cast off, the new one, as we have 
already seen, had made a considerable growth above the core, 
which was already tipped with perfect horn.” * * * 
“By the latter part of winter, on the adult, the horn has at- 
tained about this stage of growth. From this it presses on, 
hardening in its downward growth till the latter part of sum- 
mer, or the commencement of the rut, by which time the growth 
is protected down to the base, and is a complete weapon for 
warfare, and it so continues during the rut, and until the growth 
of the new horn is commenced and loosens the old one from its 
core, and raises it from its seat as has been described.” —The 
Antelope and Deer of America. J. D. Caton. 
It is uncecessary to add that the horn core is true bone, 
clothed with its periost, and this part of the horn is as per- 
manent as in other hollow-horned ruminants. The cutaneous 
