NO. 5 



MAMMALS OF PANAMA GOLDMAN 



31 



Polioptila superciliaris superciliaris, Law- 

 rence's Gnatcatcher. 

 Leucolepis lawrencii, Lawrence's Musician 



Wren. 

 Thryophilus castancus castaneus, Bay Wren. 

 Thryophilus galbraithii galbraithii, Gal- 



braith's Wren. 

 Henicorhina prostheluca pittieri, Pittier's 



Wood Wren. 

 Troglodytes musculus inquietus, Panama 



House Wren. 

 fheugopedius fasciatoventris albigutaris, 



Panama Black-bellied Wren. 

 Pheugopedins fasciatoventris melanogaster, 



Black-bellied Wren. 

 Pheugopedius hyperythrus, Tawny-bellied 



Wren. 

 Heleodytes albobrunneus. White-headed 



Cactus Wren. 

 Pachysylvia aurantiifrons aurantiifrons, 



I^wrence's Pachysylvia. 

 Anthus parvus, Panama Pipit. 

 Basileuterus rufifrons mesochrysus, 



Sclater's Warbler. 

 Basileuterus semicervinus veraguensis, Buff- 



ruinped Warbler. 

 Compsothtypis pitiayumi speciosa, Chiriqui 



Parula Warbler. 

 Rhodinocichla rosea eximia, Panama Thrush- 

 Warbler. 

 Dacnis cayana ultramarina. Ultramarine 



Dacnis. 

 Sturnella magna inexspectata, Central 



American Meadowlark. 

 Leistes militaris, Cayenne Red-breasted 



Blackbird. 



Icterus mesomelas salvinii, Salvin's Oriole. 



Cacicus microrhynchus, Small-billed Cacique. 



Cacicus vitellinus, Lawrence's Cacique. 



Mitrospingus cassini, Cassin's Tanager. 



Chlorothraupis carmioli, Carmiol's Tanager. 



Cblorothraupis olivaceus, Yellow-browed 

 Tanager. 



Tachyphonus nitidissimus, Veraguan White- 

 .shouldered Tanager. 



Tachyphonus delatrii. Tawny-crested Tana- 

 ger. 



Tachyphonus luctuosus panamensis, White- 

 shouldered Tanager. 



Chrysothlypis chrysomelas chrysomelas. 

 Black and Yellcw Tanager. 



Tanagra luteicapilla, Yellow-crowned Eu- 

 phonia. 



Tangara florida arccei, Arce's Emerald Tana- 

 ger. 



Tangara inornata, Plain-colored Tanager. 



Sattator atriceps tacertosus, Panama Black- 

 headed Saltator. 



Saltator magnoides intermedius, Panama 

 BiilT-throated Saltator. 



Cyanocompsa concreta cyanescens, Panama 

 Blue Grosbeak. 



Arremon aurantiirostris, Orange-billed 

 Sparrow. 



Ammodramus savannarum obscurus, Mina- 

 litlan Sparrow. 



Sporophila tninuta minuta, Minute Seed- 

 eater. 



Arremonops conirostris conirostris, Lafres- 

 naye's Sparrow. 



HUMID LOWER TROPICAL ZONE 



The Humid Lower Tropical Zone occupies the crests of most of the 

 mountain ranges, and nearly all that part of the Atlantic watershed 

 of Panama lying below about 3,000 feet altitude. It is replaced, 

 however, in the Chagres Valley by a strip of the Arid Lower Tropical 

 Zone which extends from the Pacific coast across the continental 

 divide in the vicinity of the Panama Canal, but the transition to 

 humid conditions is rapid to the northward of Empire and the bend 

 of the Chagres River. The area is comparatively uniform in char- 

 acter, usually heavily forested, and includes the most luxuriant 

 vegetation on the Isthmus. Trees of large size cast so dense a shade 

 that the undergrowth may be scanty, but wherever much light is 

 admitted the ground cover is very thick, and tangled masses of vines 

 tend to impede progress through the forest. The highest and most 

 massive forest growth, however, is in general at the lower levels. 

 On the upper, or steeper, slopes of the mountains forest cover of a 

 lower growth is apparently the result of unfavorable soil conditions. 



