1910.] Blumenhach, 1791; Vicq d'Azyr. 53 



The orders Glires, Feri3e and Bruta arc united under "Digitata," a 

 grouping wliieli recalls Klein's arrangement. 



Ornithorhynchus (Avhich was given generic rank by Blumenbach in 1800) 

 now appears for the first time in ordinal classification. 



"Les Fissipedes edentes" {Brady pun) are reunited with the other Eden- 

 tates as in Storr's scheme. 



Blumenbach' s Classification, as given in the French translation of the Fifth German 



Edition of the ' Handbuch' {1797). 



Order I. Bimanes. 



II. Quadrumanes. 



III. Chiropteres. 



IV. Fissipedes ("ou Digites"). 



A. Les Fissipedes rongeurs [Rodents, except Castor]. 



B. Les Fissipedes carnassiers (Didelphis, Kangaroo, Viverra, 

 Mustela, Ursus, Canis, Felis). 



C. Les Fisspedes edentes (Bradypus, Myrmecophaga, Manis, 

 Tatu). 



V. Solipedes (Equus). 



VI. Bisulces [cf. Bisulca Ray] (Camelus, Capra, Antilope, Bos, Giraffa, 



Cervus, Moschus). 



VII. Mviltongules (Sus, Tapirus, Elephas, Rhinoceros, Hippopotamus). 



VIII. Pahnipedes. 



A. Les Pahnipedes rongeurs (Castor). 



B. Les Pahnipedes Carnassiers (Phoca, Lutra). 



C. Les Palmipedes Edentes (Ornithorhynchus, Trichechus [walrus]). 



IX. C^taces. 



VICQ d'azyr, 1792. 



'Systeme anatomique des Quadrupedes' (quoted by Gervais, 1836, 



p. 01(3). 



Vicq d'Az}T's system distinctly foreshadows that of Cuvier, and he also 

 preceded Cu\'ier in the development of comparative anatomy, "following 

 the line of strict anatomical observation and critical comparison, [he] set 

 forth the correspondence of plan observable in the limbs of the higher 

 vertebrates, and may be considered the founder of the purely scientific 

 higher anatomy," (Huxley, 1894 p. 288). 



This classification is the first one entirely in French which we have so 

 far discussed (Brisson's being in French and Latin). Thus, like other 

 French scientists, Vicq d'Azyr used French instead of Latin and tried to 

 popularize science by avoiding all appearance of pedantry, by inventing or 

 adopting common names wherever possible {e. g., "Cheveaux d'eau," 

 "Rongeurs," "Elephans," etc.), or by gallicising Latin terms {e. g., "Soli- 



