232 Bulletin. American Museum of Natural History. [Vol. XXVII, 



1758. Linnaeus places Erinaceus, Talpa and Sorex, together with Sus, 

 Dasypns and Didelphis in the Order "Bestise." 



1779. Blumenbach puts the genera Sore.v, Talpa, Didephis among the 

 "Glires Murina." 



1780. Storr puts Vcspcrtilio, Sorex, Talpa and Erinaceus with certain 

 arctoid plantigrade carnivores in a "sectio" of the comprehensive order 

 "Primates." 



1792. Vicq d'Azyr distributes the Insectivores in the orders "Taupens 

 ou Taupes," "Soriciens" and "Carnivores." 



1795. Geoffrey and Cuvier put the Insectivores and Arctoid Carnivores 

 in the "ordre Plantigrades." 



1800. Cuvier joins the Insectivores with Ursus, Taxus, Nasua, Pro- 

 cyon, Potos {Cercoleptes\ Ichneumon in the group "Plantigrades," between 

 the " Cheiropteres " and the "Carnivores" in the comprehensive order Car- 

 nassiers." 



1817. Cuvier excludes the plantigrade Carnivora and renames the 

 groups "les Insectivores," including as major divisions " les Herissons" 

 {Erinaceus), "les Musaraignes" (Mijogale, Soricidse, Scalops and Chry- 

 sochloris), "les Tenrecs" {Centetes) and "les Taupes" (Talpa). 



1834. De Blainville unites the Insectivora more intimately with the 

 Chiroptera as a division "clavicules," of the "Carnassiers" contrasted with 

 the Carnivora as "non-clavicules"; this makes easier the total separation 

 from the Carnivora. 



1839. De Blainville, in his 'Osteographie' restricts the term "Car- 

 nassiers" to the Carnivora, but retains a nominal connection between the 

 two groups as "Secundates." 



1837, 1840. Bonaparte totally divorces the Insectivores from the Car- 

 nivora, placing the former in the "Ineducabilia" in company with Bruta, 

 Chiroptera and Glires. 



1855. Wagner, in his supplementary volume (1855) to Schreber's 

 'Saugethiere,' reviews the order and adds to it the genus Galeopithecus 

 "previously associated with the lemurs or bats or isolated as the type of a 

 distinct order" (Gill). His classification was based on adaptive resem- 

 blances. 



1864.^ Wilhelm Peters (quoted by Gill) in the last of a series of four 

 contributions, extending from 1846 to 1864, divides the Insectivores into 

 two great groups, Avhich after the exclusion of Galeopithecus were afterward 

 named "Menotyphla" and "Lipotyphla" by Haeckel. 



A. Intestine with a large coecum: 



" Galeopitheci," "Tupayte," "Macroscelides." 



1 The classifications of Peters, Haeckel and Gill are taken from Gill's excellent 'Synopsis 

 of Insectivorous Mammals' (1874). 



