1910.] The Dvrmnptcra. 315 



although van Kanipcn has shown (1905, pp. 537, 542, 5-15) that in both the 

 Phocida? and the Otariidte the buHa is a composite one, formed from the 

 entotympanic and the true tymi)anic (annulus tympanicus) as in the 

 .Eluroidea. 



This evidence tends to separate the Pinnipedia from genetic relations 

 with the Creodonta and to ally them with the Arctoid Fissipeds, possibly 

 as Weber suggests, with the Amphicyonine Canids. At the same time it 

 must be admitted that this hypothesis has not yet satisfactorily accounted 

 for several peculiar features cited by Wortman as common to the Pinnipedia 

 and the Oxytienid Creodonta, especially the presence of a subungual foramen, 

 the exceptionally large size of the trapezium, the large astragalo-cuboid 

 contact, the oblique cubo-calcaneal facet, etc. If the Pinnipedia are to be 

 derived from Arctoid Fissipeds it must be from genera retaining or fore- 

 shadowing all the characters listed by Wortman on pages 159-160 of the 

 article cited. 



CHAPTER vn. gp:xetic relations of the der:\iop- 



TERA, CHIROPTERA AND PRIMATES. 

 Analysis. 



Page 



I. The Dermoptera 315 



Historical Notes 315 



Genetic Relations of Galeopithecus 316 



11. The Chiroptera 318 



Historical Notes 318 



Genetic Relations 319 



III. The Primates 319 



Outline history of the Classification 319 



Genetic relations . 321 



I. The Dermoptera. 



Historical Notes. 



According to Gervais (1836) Bontius, a naturalist-voyager of the six- 

 teenth century, observed the animal now^ generally called Galeopithecus 

 volans at Batavia and elsewhere and described it as "Vespertilio admira- 

 bilis." Seba called it Felis volans ternatea (in allusion to the locality, 

 Ternate, one of the Moluccas). 



