316 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History. [Vol. XX'N'II, 



1758. Liniiiieiis includes it with the lemurs under the name "Lemur 

 volans. 



1780. Pallas translates Petiver's "Chats-Singes" into "Galeopithecus" 

 and regarils it as intermediate between Lemurs and Bats. 



1800. Cuvier removes the "Galeopithetjues" to the group "Cheirop- 

 teres" of the "ordre Carnassiers," placing them at the end of the 

 Cheiropteres and next to "les Plantigrades" (Insectivores, etc.). 



1811. Illiger applies the term "Dermoptera" as a "familia," coordi- 

 nate with "Cheiroptera" in the "ordo" " Volitantia." 



1816. De Blainville associates "les Galeopitheques" with "les Tardi- 

 grades" (Bradi/piis) in a grand division ("anomaux") of the "ordre Quad- 

 rum a nes." 



18(J4. Peters, following Wagner, unites (laleopithecus with the Insec- 

 tivora, a view accepted by Huxley (1872) and most English authors. 



1872. Gill adopts Illiger's term " Dermoptera," regarding the group 

 as a suborder of the Insectivora. 



1885. Leche monographs the genus and argues for its removal to a 

 separate order, " Galeopithecidse." 



1902. H. C. Chai)man regards Galeopithecus as a modified descendant 

 of the ancestors of the Chiroptera, remotely related to the Lemuroidea and 

 Insectivora. This view was also adopted by Weber (1904). 



1900. Miller (op. cit., p. 41) regards the group as constituting a family 

 of the Chiroptera. 



Genetic Relations of GaJeopitliecus. 



The derivation of Galeopithecus from Insectivores resembling the Tupa- 

 iida^ (a view supported by Leche in his monograph of 1885) is rendered 

 probable by many facts cited by Leche, including the following: the brain 

 case in Galeopithecus is larger than in any Insectivores except the Meno- 

 typhla (p. 272). The orbits are large, the well defined supra orbital border 

 is pierced by a foramen ; the olfactory fossse are large, the occipital plane is 

 vertical; the lachrymal has both a facial and an orbital portion and the 

 lachrymal canal is within the orbit. The resemblances in the skull to 

 Rhynchocyon have already been noted (p. 281). 



The stapes and incus of Galeopithecus, according to Doran (1879), more 

 resemble those of the Macroscelididte and Tupaiidte than of the shrews, 

 moles and hedgehogs and in one or two characters are strikingly like the 

 Primate ty}je. The malleus is very generalized and shows diverse resem- 

 blances to the Primates and the Macroscelidida^ (1879, p. 443). The comb- 

 like incisors of Galeopithecus are foreshadowed by the denticulate incisors 



