1910.] The DermopUra. 317 



in Rhynchociion. The peculiar cuspidate uj)per molars bear traces of deri- 

 vation from the triangular types seen in Tiipaia and PtUocercus. The pelvis 

 is intermediate in character between that of Insectivora and that of Bats. 

 A rudimentary sublingua (fully develoi)ed in Tupaia and I>emurs) is })rcsent 

 and the digestive tract resembles that of the typical Menotyphla in the pos- 

 session of a ciecum. 



Notwithstanding these and similar resemblances the numerous differ- 

 ences from the Menotyphla in the male and female reproductive organs and 

 throughout the organism (cf. Weber, U)()4, p. 410) show that the I)ermoj)tera 

 must have separated from that group at a very early date. 



Leche (1886) expressed the opinion that in the young Galropiflicciis' the 

 auditory bulla corresi)onds in structure with that in the Menotyf)hla, Chirop- 

 tera and Prosimia*; but van Kampcn (1905, p. 446) showed that the swollen 

 bulla and tubular meatus are lioth formed from the annulus tympanicus; 

 whereas in the Menotyphla the bulla is com})osite, the inner part being 

 formed from the enlarged entotyrapanic. As in the Insectivora the ali- 

 sphenoid takes part in the limitation of the tympanic cavity anteriorly, but 

 there is no stapedial artery and the entocarotid canal terminates anteriorly 

 in the foramen lacerum medium ("anterius," van Kamj)en, op. cit., p. 464). 



Galeopithecus may also be related remotely to the Lemurs (Chapman) 

 with \Ahich it agrees in superficial skull characters, in the jiossession of a sub- 

 lingua and of a caecum divided into pockets, in the structure of all the female 

 genitalia except the uterus, which has retained the primitive double condi- 

 tion. The external generative organs closely resemble those of Lemurs, the 

 clitoris being concealed l)y a circular fold of integument as in Chiromys 

 (Chapman). There are also several important points of agreement in the 

 musculature. The skeleton presents some analogies to that of Indris {cf. 

 de Blainville, 'Osteographie'). 



The relationship of the Dermoptera with the Fruit Bats is indicated by 

 many characters noted by Leche. Among the most noteworthy of these is 

 the fact that the patagium of Galeopithecus (which extends between the long 

 fingers as well as completely surrounding the body) is supplied by the same 

 muscles and nerves as in the Chiroptera. While asleep Galeopithecus hangs 

 head downward, suspended by its hind claws like a Bat. It also resembles 

 the Fruit Bats in the low position of the mandibular condyle, and in many 

 characters of the shoidder girdle, episternum, musculature, stomach, uterus, 

 placenta, and mamniie. 



