322 BuUdin American Museum of Natural Hsitory. [Vol. XX^'II, 



(6) The bulla tympani in the Lemiirithe is formed from the inflation 

 of the entotympanic, exactly as in Tupaia and Ptilocercus, the tympanic re- 

 maining as a bony ring (van Kampen, 11)05, p. 677). 



(7) The ethmoturbinal complex, according to Paulli, is closely connected 

 with the Insectivore type (Weber, 1904, p. 745). As in that group, there are 

 four endoturbinals and five olfactory scrolls. 



(8) The malleus of Tupaia, according to Doran (1879, pp. 441-442), 

 "differs from that of any other insectivorous mammal. . . .and much re- 

 sembles that of some of the lower Primates, especially Midas or Hapale 

 and certain Lemurs . . . . " 



(9) The shortening of the face in some of the earliest Primates is fore- 

 shadowed in Ptilocercus (Fig. 21, p. 273), while the more elongate face in 

 Notharctus and Adapis is foreshadowed in Tupaia. 



(10) The manus and pes of the lemuroids represent a development of 

 characters suggested in the Menotyphlous Insectivores. The opposibility 

 of the pollex and hallux is foreshadowed in Ptilocercus, the carpal callosities 

 in Tupaia (j). 270) ; the subetjuality and symmetrical arrangement of 

 digits II, III, and IV (digit III being the longest) are foreshadowed in all 

 Insectivores, and the same is true of the free centrale carpi, and the lunar- 

 unciform contact. The peculiar Primate astragalus is distinctly suggested 

 in Tupaia, while the very small size of the mesocuneiform is also an Insecti- 

 vore heritage. The bicornuate uterus, entepicondylar foramen, and third 

 trochanter are primitive Placental characters. 



In order to emphasize the hypothesis that the orders Menotyphla, Derm- 

 optera, Chiroptera and Primates have had a common origin, possibly from 

 some Upper Cretaceous family resembling in many characters the Tupaiidse, 

 these four orders may be embraced in a single superorder, which may be 

 named Archcnta'^ in allusion to the fact that Linnjeus included in the 

 Primates the genera Homo, Simia, Lemur (including the Lemuroids and the 

 "Flying Lemur"), Vespertilio. 



1 "Apx^v chief, cf. German Herrenthiere. 



