412 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History. [Vol. XXVII. 



1889. D'Arcy Thompson adduces evidence to prove that the Zeuglodonts 

 are nearly allied to the Pinnipedia, rather than to the Cetacea. 



1904. Fraas describes the genera Protocetus and Mesocetus from the 

 middle Eocene near Cairo, Egypt, both of which are very primitive Zeuglo- 

 donts and are believed by him to demonstrate the connection of that group 

 with the Creodonta. He proposes to reduce the rank of the Zeuglodontia, 

 regarding them as an aquatic section of the Creodonta, and denying their 

 supposed connection with the Cetacea. 



1906. Andrews describes the genus Prozeuglodon from the Upper Eocene 

 of the Faytim, Egypt, which is intermediate in character between Protocetus 

 and ZeugJodon. 



B. Historical notes on the Cetacea in General. 



Some idea of the extent of the early literature of Cetology may be had 

 from the figures given by Dr. J. A. Allen in his remarkable 'Bibliography 

 of Cetacea and Sirenia' (1881, ])p. 399-562). For the period from 1495 to 

 1758 Allen lists 276 titles of works dealing with this subject, the total number 

 of titles up to the end of 1840 being one thousand and thirteen. 



1692. Sibbald (quoted by Gray, 1850) classifies the whales as follows: 

 "I. The small Whales with teeth in both jaws, of which he notices 



three: [probably the Killer, the Beluga and the Porpoise]. II. The larger 

 Whales with teeth in the lower jaw : 1 , the Sperm Whale and 2, the Black- 

 fish [Globiocephalus]. And III, the Whalebone Whales of which he de- 

 scribes three specimens" (Gray). The arrangement he used was the one 

 followed by Gray in 1850, and Gray's terms "Denticete," "Mysticeti" 

 possibly refer to Sibbald's characterizations. Sibbald's work "forms the 

 ground work of all that was known on the larger Cetacea up to the Linnsean 

 time." 



1693. Ray recognizes the true nature of the Cetacea ("Pisces cetacei 

 seu Belluae marinse," "animalia vivipara pilosa") especially in the following 

 passages (transl.) : "For except as to the place in which they live, the external 

 form of the body, the hairless skin, and the progressive or swimming motion, 

 they have almost nothing in common with fishes, but in remaining [charac- 

 ters] agree with the viviparous quadrupeds." And again "The Whales 

 breathe like quadrupeds with lungs, copulate, bear living young and suckle 

 them with milk, and agree with them [the quadrupeds] in the structure and 

 function of almost all the internal organs." 



1735. Ivinnfcus classifies the Cetacea amonsj the fishes. 

 1758. Linnaeus groups the Cetacea with the hairy quadrupeds under 

 the class name "Mammalia." 



