414 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History. [Vol. XXVII, 



he summarizes the evidence bearing on the origin of the order with negative 

 results, emphasizing, however, the resemblances to the Ungulata Suina in 

 the larynx, stomach, liver, reproductive organs, and foetal membranes. 



1866. Haeckel groups the "order" Cetacea (including the suborders 

 "Phycoceta" or Sirenia and" Autoceta (Baloenia)") with the order Ungulata 

 (Perissodactyla and Artiodactyla) as a second sublegion "Pycnoderma" of 

 the "Indeciduata," the first sublegion comprising the Edentata. 



1867-1890. Cope contributes a series of papers to Cetology: describing 

 several genera of fossil Platanisid;e from the United States, emphasizing the 

 primitive characters of that family, describing also several Miocene Balee- 

 nids which were more primitive than existing forms. He also contributes 

 to the development of the classification. 



1880. Van Beneden and Gervais publish the ' Osteographie des Ceta- 

 ces vivants et fossiles'. 



1893. Lydekker describes the fossil genus Physodon from Patagonia, 

 a generalized ally of Physeter, with teeth in both jaws; also the fossil genus 

 Arcjyrocetus from the Argentine Republic, a primitive Platanistid. 



1900. Beddard reviews the natural history and anatomy of the Cetacea 

 in his 'Book of Whales.' 



1901-02. Abel describes many Miocene Platanistids of Europe and con- 

 tributes much to the knowledge of the phylogeny and evolution of the Ceta- 

 cea. In 1905 he describes as the "stem form of the Delphinidee" a small 

 genus, PaloeopJwcGena, from the Miocene of Germany. 



1902. Beddard adduces new evidence in support of de Blainville's 

 idea that the Cetacea are related to the Edentata. 



1904. Weber's clear review of the Cetacea leaves little doubt as to the 

 following conclusions: (1) the derivation of the group from quadru})edal 

 Placental mammals; (2) the unity of origin of the two orders Odontoceti 

 and Mystacoceti; (3) the jirobable relationship of the higher orders with 

 the Zeuglodontia. 



•'O' 



Genetic relations of the Cetacea. 



To those capable of appreciating the force of anatomical evidence and 

 especially the meaning of vestigial structures, the proof that the Cetacea have 

 been derived froin four-footed land-living mammals is cumulative and 

 wholly convincing. The facts are very clearly presented by Weber (1904, 

 pp. 580-582) who cites among other evidences: (1) the vestigial "sinus 

 hairs" analogous to the bristles of a hog; (2) the vestigial skin glands, espe- 

 cially the conjunctival gland ; (3) the vestigial ear muscles pointing to the 

 former existence of external ears; (4) the presence of the three mammalian 



