THE PRACTICAL ENTOMOLOGIST. 



51 



this last is really and truly a fungus and not a gall, 

 is shown by the fact, that it is scarcely ever inhabited 

 by insects; for out of hundreds of specimens that I 

 have cut into, both green and dry, not more than 

 two or three contained the larvae of moths, but 

 one contained what was probably the larva of an 

 ichneumon-fly, and all the rest were perfectly solid 

 and unbored. On the other hand. Black-knot is 

 so infested by insects, that it is almost impossible to 

 find a mature specimen that is not all bored up by 

 them. The cause of this remarkable difference may 

 be attributed to the well-known repugnance of 

 almost all kinds of insects for Red Cedar. 



If, then, Black-knot is a Fungus, and if, as I 

 think I have shown, it is an annual plant propaga- 

 ting itself by seed or the so-called " spores," and 

 the " spores" make their appearance about the end 

 of July in latitude 41° 30', then it must be obvious 

 that if all the Black-knot on a particular tree is cut 

 off and destroyed in the fore-part of July in latitude 

 41° 40', or a little earlier or later as you go further 

 south or further north, an effectual stop will be put 

 to its further propagation. It is true that the 

 " spores" are in the form of an impalpable powder, 

 so that they may be carried some considerable dis- 

 tance from other infected trees by the wind; and it 

 may possibly be further true, that certain " spores " 

 may lie dormant in the bark for over a year, as the 

 seeds of weeds will often lie dormant in the ground 

 for over a year. Still, with all these possible draw- 

 backs, I have little doubt that the above remedy 

 will, as a general rule, if applied according to direc- 

 tions, be found effectual. 



I have only, in conclusion, to apologize to Mes- 

 sieurs the Botanists for stealing their thunder by 

 writing about a fungus. The truth of the matter 

 is, that I really did for a long time mistake a Fun- 

 gus for a Gall. If, however, any Botanist requires 

 further atonement than my humble apologies, he 

 can in his turn mistake a Gall for a Fungus, and 

 publish just as tedious an article as this in illustra- 

 tion of its Natural History. 



Rock Island, III., March 5, 1866, 



ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. 



We thankfully acknowledge the receiptof the following 

 8ums, donated for the support of the Practical Entomo- 

 logist : — 



I. Woodbury, Kew York $5.00 



EUwanger A Barry, New York 2.00 



Philip Rickert, Wisconsin 1.00 



John (i. McNair, New York 1.00 



Stephen P. Perkins, Connecticut 1.00 



D. R. Jaques, New York 1.00 



Elisha Gridley, Illinois 1.00 



Daniel B. Smith, Pennsylvania 1.00 



Wilson Dennis, Pennsylvania 1.00 



T. H. Collins, Indiana 1.00 



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