42 N.S. ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 



Oyster Shell Scale. 



(Lepidosophes ulmi L.) 



This is the commonest of all the Scale Insects affecting orchard trees 

 and is doubtless the best known. The scale as the name implies is shap- 

 ed like a diminutive oyster shell. It is brown to dark brown in color. The 

 male scale resembles the female scale in appearance, but has sides more 

 nearly parallel, widening toward the posterior. At the extremity is a 

 sinuate flap which permits the exit of the male. 



Life History. If the female scale be turned over during the winter 

 months, it will be found to be filled with small, oval yellowish white eggs, 

 closely packed together and varying in number from 11 to 50, the average 

 being about 28, while, at the cephalic extremity, will be found the dead 

 and shrivelled body of the female. 



The eggs hatch shortly after the time the apple blossoms fall and 

 for a short time the young larvae may be seen moving over the host plant. 

 During their active period the young may travel as far as the fruit, and 

 there settle down, and form their scales. This often happens even when 

 the scales are not overcrowded on the twigs. The eggs are laid during 

 September, there being but one brood per year. 



Injuries. The injury to the tree is similar in nature to that of the 

 San Jose Scale, but as the insect is not so prolific, serious harm only rarely 

 results. While the trouble is frequently serious enough to demand special 

 treatment, it rarely does harm in orchards that are properly sprayed for 

 apple scab. 



Scurfy Scale. 



(Chionaspis furfura Fitch.) 



The scale of the female insect is greyish white in color, sometimes 

 slightly tinged with brown. It is narrow in front but widens out behind 

 and is very thin and papery in texture. It soon becomes discolored by the 

 weather, assuming almost the color of bark, so as to be scarcely distin- 

 guishable from it. The scale of the male is smaller, snow white in color 

 and provided with three elevated ridges, one down the middle, and one 

 on each side. 



Life History. The dark red eggs hatch in June. There is only one 

 brood. 



Ostreaeform or Curtis Scale. 



(Aspidiotus ostreaeformis Curtis.) 

 The scales of this insect are more or less circular in outline, but more 



